Identification of sources, characteristics and photochemical transformations of dissolved organic matter with EEM-PARAFAC in the Wei River of China

doi:10.1007/s11783-020-1340-z

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (5) : 96 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1340-z

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Identification of sources, characteristics and photochemical transformations of dissolved organic matter with EEM-PARAFAC in the Wei River of China

Yuanyuan Luo, Yangyang Zhang, Mengfan Lang, Xuetao Guo(

), Tianjiao Xia, Tiecheng Wang, Hanzhong Jia, Lingyan Zhu(

)

College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

Download: PDF(1741 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

• The source of DOM in surface water and sediment is inconsistent.

• The DOC content changes differently in surface water and sediment.

• The content of DOC in the surface water is lower than that in the sediment.

• The DOM in the surface water had higher photodegradation potentials than sediment.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in rivers is a critical regulator of the cycling and toxicity of pollutants and the behavior of DOM is a key indicator for the health of the environment. We investigated the sources and characteristics of DOM in surface water and sediment samples of the Wei River, China. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV₂₅₄) increased in the surface water and were decreased in the sediment downstream, indicating that the source of DOM in the water differed from the sediment. Parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis of the excitation-emission matrices (EEM) revealed the presence of terrestrial humus-like, microbial humus-like and tryptophan-like proteins in the surface water, whereas the sediment contained UVA humic-like, UVC humic-like and fulvic-like in the sediment. The DOM in the surface water and sediment were mainly derived from microbial metabolic activity and the surrounding soil. Surface water DOM displayed greater photodegradation potential than sediment DOM. PARAFAC analysis indicated that the terrestrial humic-like substance in the water and the fulvic-like component in the sediment decomposed more rapidly. These data describe the characteristics of DOM in the Wei River and are crucial to understanding the fluctuations in environmental patterns.

Keywords Dissolved organic matter Parallel factor analysis Excitation-emission matrices Photodegradation

Corresponding Author(s): Xuetao Guo,Lingyan Zhu

Issue Date: 12 January 2021

Cite this article:

Yuanyuan Luo,Yangyang Zhang,Mengfan Lang, et al. Identification of sources, characteristics and photochemical transformations of dissolved organic matter with EEM-PARAFAC in the Wei River of China[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(5): 96.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-020-1340-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2021/V15/I5/96

Fig.1 Levels of DOC content and UV₂₅₄ of the DOM samples collected from the surface water and sediment ((a), (b): DOC content of the surface water and sediment; (c), (d): UV₂₅₄ of the surface water and sediment. Upstream: Sample site 1–5; Midstream: Sample site 6–10; Downstream: Sample site 11–15).

Fig.2 The correlations of DOC and UV₂₅₄ of the surface water and sediment ((a): the surface water; (b): the sediment).

Fig.3 Emission and excitation loadings of the three fluorescent components obtained by PARAFAC in the surface water and sediment: (a), (c): Em loading of water and sediment; (b), (d): Ex loading of water and sediment.

Fig.4 Contour plots (C1、C2、C3) of the three fluorescent components obtained by PARAFAC in the surface water and sediment (a, b, c: the three components of surface water; d, e, f: the three components of sediment).

Fig.5 Box plot of FI and BIX indicator of the surface water and sediment: (a) FI value of the surface water and sediment; (b) BIX value of the surface water and sediment.

Fig.6 Variations of the FI_max of PARAFAC-components during the photodegradation incubations with (w/) and without (w/o) exposure to artificial natural light (SE): (a–c) FI_max of the surface water; (d–f) FI_max of the sediment.

1	G R Aiken, H Hsu-Kim, J N Ryan (2011). Influence of dissolved organic matter on the environmental fate of metals, nanoparticles, and colloids. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(8): 3196–3201 https://doi.org/10.1021/es103992s
2	J Awad, J V Leeuwen, C W K Chow, R J Smernik, S J Anderson, J W Cox (2017). Seasonal variation in the nature of DOM in a river and drinking water reservoir of a closed catchment. Environmental Pollution, 220(Pt B): 788–796
3	A Baker, D Ward, S H Lieten, R Periera, E C Simpson, M Slater (2004). Measurement of protein-like fluorescence in river and waste water using a handheld spectrophotometer. Water Research, 38(12): 2934–2938 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.04.023
4	J Bridgeman, M Bieroza, A Baker (2011). The application of fluorescence spectroscopy to organic matter characterisation in drinking water treatment. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 10(3): 277–290 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-011-9243-x
5	D J Burdige, S W Kline, W Chen (2004). Fluorescent dissolved organic matter in marine sediment pore waters. Marine Chemistry, 89(1–4): 289–311 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.015
6	C R Castillo, H Sarmento, X A Álvarez-Salgado, J M Gasol, C Marrasé(2010). Erratum: Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter by marine phytoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography, 55(1): 446–454 https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.1.0446
7	J Chang, Y Li, J Wei, Y Wang, A Guo (2016). Dynamic changes of sediment load and water discharge in the Weihe River, China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(12): 1042 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5841-9
8	P G Coble(1996). Characterization of marine and terrestrial DOM in seawater using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy. Marine Chemistry, 51(4): 325–346 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(95)00062-3
9	P G Coble (2013). 5-Colored dissolved organic matter in seawater. In: Watson J, Zielinski O, editors. Subsea Optics & Imaging. London,: Woodhead Publishing, 98–118
10	P G Coble, R B Gagosian, L A Codispoti, G E Friederich, J P Christensen (1991). Vertical distribution of dissolved and particulate fluorescence in the Black Sea. Deep-Sea Research. Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, 38(10): S985–S1001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0198-0149(10)80020-2
11	R M Cory, D M McKnight (2005). Fluorescence spectroscopy reveals ubiquitous presence of oxidized and reduced quinones in dissolved organic matter. Environmental Science & Technology, 39(21): 8142–8149 https://doi.org/10.1021/es0506962
12	R M Cory, K Mcneill, J P Cotner, A Amado, J M Purcell, A G Marshall (2010). Singlet oxygen in the coupled photochemical and biochemical oxidation of dissolved organic matter. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(10): 3683–3689 https://doi.org/10.1021/es902989y
13	Y Dong, Y Li, F Kong, J Zhang, M Xi (2020). Source, structural characteristics and ecological indication of dissolved organic matter extracted from sediments in the primary tributaries of the Dagu River. Ecological Indicators, 109: 105776 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105776
14	Y Du, Y Zhang, F Chen, Y Chang, Z Liu (2016). Photochemical reactivities of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a sub-alpine lake revealed by EEM-PARAFAC: An insight into the fate of allochthonous DOM in alpine lakes affected by climate change. Science of the Total Environment, 568: 216–225 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.036
15	S Elliott, J R Lead, A Baker (2006). Characterisation of the fluorescence from freshwater, planktonic bacteria. Water Research, 40(10): 2075–2083 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.03.017
16	S Gan, Y Wu, H Bao, J Zhang (2013). Natural and anthropogenic impacts on biogeochemical cycle in Yangtze River basin: Source, transformation and fate of dissolved organic matter (DOM) characterized by 3-D fluorescence spectroscopy. In: Egu General Assembly 2013, Vienna, 15, EGU2013-572, 2013. Vienna: European Geosciences Union (EGU)
17	H Gao, Z Wu, L Jia, G Pang (2019). Vegetation change and its influence on runoff and sediment in different landform units, Wei River, China. Ecological Engineering, 141: 105609 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.105609
18	X Guo, X He, H Zhang, Y Deng, L Chen, J Jiang (2012). Characterization of dissolved organic matter extracted from fermentation effluent of swine manure slurry using spectroscopic techniques and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Microchemical Journal, 102(5): 115–122 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2011.12.006
19	Q Han, S Xue, Y Liu, Y Hong, H J Liu(2016). Release pathway and influencing factors of dissolved organic matter in river sediments. China Environmental Science, 36(12): 3737–3749 (in Chinese)
20	R Hao, H Ren, J Li, Z Ma, H Wan, X Zheng, S Cheng (2012). Use of three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy for predicting the disinfection by-product formation potential of reclaimed water. Water Research, 46(17): 5765–5776 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.08.007
21	W He, H Jung, J H Lee, J Hur (2016). Differences in spectroscopic characteristics between dissolved and particulate organic matters in sediments: Insight into distribution behavior of sediment organic matter. Science of the Total Environment, 547: 1–8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.146
22	J R Helms, A Stubbins, J D Ritchie, E C Minor, D J Kieber, K Mopper(2008). Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight, source, and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Limnology and Oceanography, 53(3): 955–969 https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.3.0955
23	H Hsu-Kim, K H Kucharzyk, T Zhang, M A Deshusses (2013). Mechanisms regulating mercury bioavailability for methylating microorganisms in the aquatic environment: A critical review. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(6): 2441–2456 https://doi.org/10.1021/es304370g
24	M Huang, Z Li, N Luo, R Yang, J Wen, B Huang, G Zeng (2019). Application potential of biochar in environment: Insight from degradation of biochar-derived DOM and complexation of DOM with heavy metals. Science of the Total Environment, 646: 220–228 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.282
25	A Huguet, L Vacher, S Relexans, Saubusse , J M Froidefond, E Parlanti (2009). Properties of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Gironde Estuary. Organic Geochemistry, 40(6): 706–719 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.03.002
26	T Jiang, J Kaal, J Liang, Y Zhang, S Wei, D Wang, N W Green (2017). Composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from periodically submerged soils in the Three Gorges Reservoir areas as determined by elemental and optical analysis, infrared spectroscopy, pyrolysis-GC-MS and thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation. Science of the Total Environment, 603: 461–471 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.114
27	G Jie, J Tao, L I Lu-Lu, X S Chen, S Q Wei, D Y Wang, J L Yan, Z Zheng (2015). Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) and fluorescence spectral characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) in soils of water-level fluctuation zones of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. Environmental Sciences (Ruse), 36(1): 151
28	D Liu, Y Du, S Yu, J Luo, H Duan (2020). Human activities determine quantity and composition of dissolved organic matter in lakes along the Yangtze River. Water Research, 168:115132 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115132
29	Q V Ly, J Hur (2018). Further insight into the roles of the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on ultrafiltration membranes as revealed by multiple advanced DOM characterization tools. Chemosphere, 201: 168–177 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.181
30	F C Marhuenda-Egea, E Martínez-Sabater, J Jordá, R Moral, M A Bustamante, C Paredes, M D Pérez-Murcia (2007). Dissolved organic matter fractions formed during composting of winery and distillery residues: evaluation of the process by fluorescence excitation-emission matrix. Chemosphere, 68(2): 301–309 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.075
31	D M McKnight, E W Boyer, P K Westerhoff, P T Doran, T Kulbe, D T Andersen (2001). Spectrofluorometric characterization of dissolved organic matter for indication of precursor organic material and aromaticity. Limnology and Oceanography, 46(1): 38–48 https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.1.0038
32	F Meng, G Huang, X Yang, Z Li, J Li, J Cao, Z Wang, L Sun (2013). Identifying the sources and fate of anthropogenically impacted dissolved organic matter (DOM) in urbanized rivers. Water Research, 47(14): 5027–5039 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.043
33	K R Murphy, G M Ruiz, W T Dunsmuir, T D Waite (2006). Optimized parameters for fluorescence-based verification of ballast water exchange by ships. Environmental Science & Technology, 40(7): 2357–2362 https://doi.org/10.1021/es0519381
34	C L Osburn, L T Handsel, M P Mikan, H W Paerl, M T Montgomery (2012). Fluorescence tracking of dissolved and particulate organic matter quality in a river-dominated estuary. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(16): 8628–8636 https://doi.org/10.1021/es3007723
35	G P Sheng, J Xu, W H Li, H Q Yu (2013). Quantification of the interactions between Ca2+, Hg2+ and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of sludge. Chemosphere, 93(7): 1436–1441 doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.076
36	C A Stedmon, R M W Amon, A J Rinehart, S A Walker (2011a). The supply and characteristics of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Arctic Ocean: Pan Arctic trends and differences. Marine Chemistry, 124(1–4): 108–118 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2010.12.007
37	C A Stedmon, R J L Bro, O Methods (2008). Characterizing dissolved organic matter fluorescence with parallel factor analysis: A tutorial. Limnology and Oceanography-Methods, 6(11): 572–579
38	C A Stedmon, S Markager (2005). Resolving the variability in dissolved organic matter fluorescence in a temperate estuary and its catchment using PARAFAC analysis. Limnology and Oceanography, 50(2): 686–697 https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.2.0686
39	C A Stedmon, S Markager, L Tranvik, L Kronberg, T Slätis, W Martinsen(2007). Photochemical production of ammonium and transformation of dissolved organic matter in the Baltic Sea. Marine Chemistry, 104(3–4): 227–240 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2006.11.005
40	C A Stedmon, D N Thomas, S Papadimitriou, M A Granskog, G S Dieckmann (2011b). Using fluorescence to characterize dissolved organic matter in Antarctic sea ice brines. Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences, 116: G03027
41	S J Tang, Z W Wang, Z C Wu, X H Wang, J L Lu, M F Xia (2009). Excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectra analysis of dissolved organic matter in membrane bioreactor. China Environmental Science, 29(3): 290–295 (in Chinese)
42	J Viguri, J Verde, A Irabien (2002). Environmental assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of the Santander Bay, Northern Spain. Chemosphere, 48(2): 157–165 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00105-4
43	J L Weishaar, G R Aiken, B A Bergamaschi, M S Fram, R Fujii, K Mopper(2003). Evaluation of specific ultraviolet absorbance as an indicator of the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(20): 4702–4708 https://doi.org/10.1021/es030360x
44	Q Xian, P Li, C Liu, J Cui, Z Guan, X Tang (2018). Concentration and spectroscopic characteristics of DOM in surface runoff and fracture flow in a cropland plot of a loamy soil. Science of the Total Environment, 622: 385–393
45	H Xu, H Jiang (2013). UV-induced photochemical heterogeneity of dissolved and attached organic matter associated with cyanobacterial blooms in a eutrophic freshwater lake. Water Research, 47(17): 6506–6515 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.08.021
46	H Xu, L Zou, D Guan, W Li, H Jiang (2019). Molecular weight-dependent spectral and metal binding properties of sediment dissolved organic matter from different origins. Science of the Total Environment, 665: 828–835 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.186
47	Y Yamashita, R Jaffé (2008). Characterizing the interactions between trace metals and dissolved organic matter using excitation-emission matrix and parallel factor analysis. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(19): 7374–7379 https://doi.org/10.1021/es801357h
48	M Yan, J Ma, C Zhang, Y Zhou, F Liu, X Han, M Li, J Ni (2017). Optical property of dissolved organic matters (DOMs) and its link to the presence of metal ions in surface freshwaters in China. Chemosphere, 188: 502–509 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.001
49	L Yang, D H Han, B M Lee, J Hur (2015). Characterizing treated wastewaters of different industries using clustered fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC and FT-IR spectroscopy: Implications for downstream impact and source identification. Chemosphere, 127: 222–228 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.028
50	T Zhai, S Huo, J Zhang (2017). Spectral characteristics of vertical distribution of dissolved organic matters in sediments. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 11(11): 6196–6204 (in Chinese)
51	Y Zhang, M A V Dijk, M Liu, G Zhu, B Qin (2009). The contribution of phytoplankton degradation to chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in eutrophic shallow lakes: Field and experimental evidence. Water Research, 43(18): 4685–4697
52	Y Zhang, E Zhang, Y Yin, M A Van Dijk, L Feng, Z Shi, M Liu, B Qin (2010). Characteristics and sources of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in lakes of the Yungui Plateau, China, differing in trophic state and altitude. Limnology and Oceanography, 55(6): 2645–2659 https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2645
53	C Zhao, Z Wang, C Wang, X Li, C C Wang (2018). Photocatalytic degradation of DOM in urban stormwater runoff with TiO2 nanoparticles under UV light irradiation: EEM-PARAFAC analysis and influence of co-existing inorganic ions. Environmental Pollution, 243: 177–188 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.062
54	Y Zhou, X Yao, Y Zhang, K Shi, Y Zhang, E Jeppesen, G Gao, G Zhu, B Qin (2017). Potential rainfall-intensity and pH-driven shifts in the apparent fluorescent composition of dissolved organic matter in rainwater. Environmental Pollution, 224: 638–648 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.048
55	W Z Zhu, G P Yang, H H Zhang (2017). Photochemical behavior of dissolved and colloidal organic matter in estuarine and oceanic waters. Science of the Total Environment, 607–608: 214–224

[1]

FSE-20159-OF-LYY_suppl_1

Download

[1]	Chenchen Li, Lijie Yan, Yiming Li, Dan Zhang, Mutai Bao, Limei Dong. TiO₂@palygorskite composite for the efficient remediation of oil spills via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 72-.
[2]	Xinyi Liu, Caichao Wan, Xianjun Li, Song Wei, Luyu Zhang, Wenyan Tian, Ken-Tye Yong, Yiqiang Wu, Jian Li. Sustainable wood-based nanotechnologies for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in aquatic environment[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 54-.
[3]	Tiancui Li, Yaocheng Fan, Deshou Cun, Yanran Dai, Wei Liang. Dibutyl phthalate adsorption characteristics using three common substrates in aqueous solutions[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(2): 26-.
[4]	Jinlan Yu, Kang Xiao, Wenchao Xue, Yue-xiao Shen, Jihua Tan, Shuai Liang, Yanfen Wang, Xia Huang. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy for characterization of organic matter in membrane bioreactors: Principles, methods and applications[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(2): 31-.
[5]	In-Sun Kang, Jinying Xi, Hong-Ying Hu. Photolysis and photooxidation of typical gaseous VOCs by UV Irradiation: Removal performance and mechanisms[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2018, 12(3): 8-.
[6]	Yuan ZHANG,Chunming HU,Tao YU. Photodegradation of chromophoric dissolved organic matters in the water of Lake Dianchi, China[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2015, 9(4): 575-582.
[7]	Yuan ZHANG,Yan ZHANG,Tao YU. Quantitative characterization of Cu binding potential of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sediment from Taihu Lake using multiple techniques[J]. Front.Environ.Sci.Eng., 2014, 8(5): 666-674.
[8]	Yan ZHANG,Yuan ZHANG,Tao YU. Characterization of interaction between different adsorbents and copper by simulation experiments using sediment-extracted organic matter from Taihu Lake, China[J]. Front.Environ.Sci.Eng., 2014, 8(4): 510-518.
[9]	Qing ZHANG. Predictive models on photolysis and photoinduced toxicity of persistent organic chemicals[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2013, 7(6): 803-814.
[10]	Qing ZHOU, Mengqiao WANG, Aimin LI, Chendong SHUANG, Mancheng ZHANG, Xiaohan LIU, Liuyan WU. Preparation of a novel anion exchange group modified hyper-crosslinked resin for the effective adsorption of both tetracycline and humic acid[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2013, 7(3): 412-419.
[11]	Shuang XUE, Qingliang ZHAO, Liangliang WEI, Xiujuan HUI, Xiping MA, Yingzi LIN. Fluorescence spectroscopic studies of the effect of granular activated carbon adsorption on structural properties of dissolved organic matter fractions[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2012, 6(6): 784-796.
[12]	Can WANG, Jinying XI, Hongying HU, Insun KANG. Effects of design parameters on performance and cost analysis of combined ultraviolet-biofilter systems treating gaseous chlorobenzene based on mathematical modeling[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2012, 6(4): 588-594.
[13]	Jing ZHANG, Shigong WANG, Can WANG, Hongying HU. Chemical identification and genotoxicity analysis of petrochemical industrial wastewater[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2012, 6(3): 350-359.
[14]	Fang FANG, Yan YANG, Jinsong GUO, Hong ZHOU, Chuan FU, Zhe LI. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectral characterization of soil dissolved organic matters in the fluctuating water-level zone of Kai County, Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng Chin, 2011, 5(3): 426-434.
[15]	Xiaoxia OU, Chong WANG, Fengjie ZHANG, Yan MA, He LIU, Xie QUAN, . Complexation of iron by salicylic acid and its effect on atrazine photodegradation in aqueous solution[J]. Front.Environ.Sci.Eng., 2010, 4(2): 157-163.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed