TiO<sub>2</sub>@palygorskite composite for the efficient remediation of oil spills via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy

doi:10.1007/s11783-020-1365-3

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (4) : 72 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1365-3

RESEARCH ARTICLE

TiO₂@palygorskite composite for the efficient remediation of oil spills via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy

Chenchen Li, Lijie Yan, Yiming Li(

), Dan Zhang, Mutai Bao, Limei Dong

Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

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Abstract

• A novel and multi-functional clay-based oil spill remediation system was constructed.

• TiO₂@PAL functions as a particulate dispersant to break oil slick into tiny droplets.

• Effective dispersion leads to the direct contact of TiO₂ with oil pollutes directly.

• TiO₂ loaded on PAL exhibits efficient photodegradation for oil pollutants.

• TiO₂@PAL shows a typical dispersion-photocatalysis synergistic remediation.

Removing spilled oil from the water surface is critically important given that oil spill accidents are a common occurrence. In this study, TiO₂@Palygorskite composite prepared by a simple coprecipitation method was used for oil spill remediation via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy. Diesel could be efficiently dispersed into small oil droplets by TiO₂@Palygorskite. These dispersed droplets had an average diameter of 20–30 mm and exhibited good time stability. The tight adsorption of TiO₂@Palygorskite on the surface of the droplets was observed in fluorescence and SEM images. As a particulate dispersant, the direct contact of TiO₂@Palygorskite with oil pollutants effectively enhanced the photodegradation efficiency of TiO₂ for oil. During the photodegradation process, •O₂⁻and •OH were detected by ESR and radical trapping experiments. The photodegradation efficiency of diesel by TiO₂@Palygorskite was enhanced by about 5 times compared with pure TiO₂ under simulated sunlight irradiation. The establishment of this new dispersion-photodegradation synergistic remediation system provides a new direction for the development of marine oil spill remediation.

Keywords Palygorskite TiO₂ Pickering emulsion Oil spill Dispersion Photodegradation

Corresponding Author(s): Yiming Li

Issue Date: 12 November 2020

Cite this article:

Chenchen Li,Lijie Yan,Yiming Li, et al. TiO₂@palygorskite composite for the efficient remediation of oil spills via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 72.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-020-1365-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2021/V15/I4/72

Fig.1 (a, b) SEM and TEM images of PAL; (c, d) TiO₂@PAL. (e, f) HRTEM of TiO₂@PAL.

Fig.2 (a) XRD spectra of PAL, TiO₂, and TiO₂@PAL. (b–d) XPS spectroscopy: full spectrum, Ti 2p and O1s.

Fig.3 (a) UV-vis DRS spectra of TiO₂, PAL, and TiO₂@PAL composite; (b) the dependence of (αhv)² on hv. (c, d) transient photocurrent curves and Nyquist plots of TiO₂ and TiO₂@PAL particles.

Fig.4 (a) EI and average droplet diameter emulsified by PAL and TiO₂@PAL after 24 h. (b) The stability of emulsion stabilized by TiO₂@PAL at different times. (c) Effect of TiO₂@PAL concentration on Pickering emulsification. (d) Effect of V_oil /V_water on Pickering emulsification of TiO₂@PAL. Except or Fig. 4(b), all EI values of the emulsions were measured after they had been left standing for 24 h.

Fig.5 (a) Optical microscopy image of diesel emulsions and (b) fluorescence image of emulsion stabilized by TiO₂@PAL. (c, d) SEM images of paraffin-in-water emulsion stabilized by TiO₂@PAL.

Fig.6 (a) Removal rate of diesel under 24 h of simulated sunlight and UV irradiation. (b) Removal rate of diesel under different conditions after 24 h of sunlight irradiation.

Fig.7 (a) Removal rate of diesel under different V_oil/V_water after 12 h of irradiation. (b) Removal rate of diesel under different concentrations of TiO₂@PAL after 12 h. (c) Removal rate of diesel under different irradiation times. (d) The fitting curve of ln (C_t/C₀) versus time.

Tab.1 Comparison of oil removal rate by various materials reported in the literature

Fig.8 (a, b) ESR spectra of TiO₂ and TiO₂@PAL in H₂O and methanol solutions, respectively. (c) Effects of different capture agents on diesel photodegradation.

Fig.9 Illustration of the simplified mechanism of diesel photodegradation by TiO₂@PAL.

Fig.10 (a) Dependence of EI₂₄ and average droplet diameter on the recycle number. (b) The recyclability of TiO₂@PAL for diesel degradation. The illumination time of each recycle experiment was 5 h.

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