Design of nanofibre interlayer supported forward osmosis composite membranes and its evaluation in fouling study with cleaning

doi:10.1007/s11783-022-1550-7

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (9) : 118 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-022-1550-7

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Design of nanofibre interlayer supported forward osmosis composite membranes and its evaluation in fouling study with cleaning

Tao Ma¹, Haiqing Hui¹, Xiaofei You², Zhiqiang Pei³, Miao Tian¹(

), Bing Wu⁴

¹. School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
². Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
³. Beijing Origin Water Membrane Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
⁴. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik IS-107, Iceland

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Abstract

• A fine fibre (40–60 nm diameter) interlayer (~1 µm thickness) was electrospun.

• Fine fibre interlayer promoted formation of defect-free dense polyamide layer.

• FO membrane with dual-layer substrate had less organic fouling potential.

• High reverse salt flux accelerated organic fouling on FO membrane.

Nanofibre-supported forward osmosis (FO) membranes have gained popularity owing to their low structural parameters and high water flux. However, the nanofibrous membranes are less stable in long-term use, and their fouling behaviours with foulants in both feed solution (FS) and draw solution (DS) is less studied. This study developed a nanofibrous thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane by designing a tiered dual-layer nanofibrous substrate to enhance membrane stability during long-term usage and cleaning. Various characterisation methods were used to study the effect of the electrospun nanofibre interlayer and drying time, which is the interval after removing the M-phenylenediamine (MPD) solution and before reacting with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) solution, on the intrinsic separation FO performance. The separation performance of the dual-layer nanofibrous FO membranes was examined using model foulants (sodium alginate and bovine serum albumin) in both the FS and DS. The dual-layer nanofibrous substrate was superior to the single-layer nanofibrous substrate and showed a flux of 30.2 L/m²/h (LMH) when using 1.5 mol/L NaCl against deionised (DI) water in the active layer facing draw solution (AL-DS) mode. In the fouling test, the water flux was effectively improved without sacrificing the water/solute selectivity under the condition that foulants existed in both the FS and DS. In addition, the dual-layer nanofibrous TFC FO membrane was more robust during the fouling test and cleaning.

Keywords Forward osmosis Electro-spinning Interfacial polymerisation Fouling Polyvinylidene fluoride

Corresponding Author(s): Miao Tian

About author:

Tongcan Cui and Yizhe Hou contributed equally to this work.

Issue Date: 02 March 2022

Cite this article:

Tao Ma,Haiqing Hui,Xiaofei You, et al. Design of nanofibre interlayer supported forward osmosis composite membranes and its evaluation in fouling study with cleaning[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(9): 118.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-022-1550-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2022/V16/I9/118

Tab.1 Electrospinning conditions for preparation of the nanofibre substrates

Fig.1 FESEM images of electrospinning PVDF nanofibre substrates. (a) Cross-sectional view of Sub-D; (b) Cross-sectional view after IP of Sub-D; (c) Surface morphology and (d) fibre diameter distribution of the nanofibre layer fabricated with 5.0 wt% PVDF; (e) Surface morphology and (f) fibre diameter distribution of the nanofibre layer fabricated with 8.0 wt% PVDF.

Tab.2 Properties of Sub-S and Sub-D nanofibrous substrates (The error bars were calculated based on at least three independently repeated tests)

Fig.2 Low-magnification and high-magnification FESEM images of the PA surface of the composite membranes, (a,e) TFC-S-1; (b,f) TFC-S-2; (c,g) TFC-D-1; (d,h) TFC-D-2. Note that TFC-S-1 refers to the TFC membrane fabricated on the nanofibrous substrate Sub-S, and the drying duration was 1 min.

Fig.3 Typical AFM images of (a) TFC-S-1, (b) TFC-S-2, (c) TFC-D-1, (d) TFC-D-2, and (e) HTI. Histogram depth represents the distance between the highest and lowest point in the scanned area. The error bars were calculated based on four independent replicate tests.

Fig.4 FO performance of the commercial HTI and prepared TFC membranes operated under the AL-DS mode with 1.5 mol/L NaCl as the DS and DI water as the FS. The error bars were calculated based on 2–3 independent replicate tests.

Fig.5 Schematic of PA layer growing on Sub-S and Sub-D. Fine nanofibres can promote the formation of connected and defection-free PA layers.

Tab.3 Intrinsic separation properties and S values of the FO membranes

Fig.6 (a) J_w and (b) J_S/J_V of commercial HTI and prepared membranes in the AL-DS mode. The experiment consisted of three phases: baseline test, fouling test, and after cleaning. Operating conditions: DS, 1.5 mol/L NaCl; FS, DI water; physical cleaning; foulants, 200 ppm SA in FS and DS. The error bars were calculated based on two independent replicate tests.

Fig.7 FESEM images revealing the status after cleaning, the active surfaces of (a) TFC-S; (b) TFC-D; and (c) HTI and the supporting surfaces of (d) TFC-S; (e) TFC-D; and (f) HTI. The back support was imaged after peeling off the non-woven support; the marked yellow area indicates the foulants trapped in the dead zones.

Fig.8 Schematic of the mechanism of membrane fouling for the TFC-S and TFC-D of SA existing in both the FS and DS in the AL-DS mode.

Fig.9 Normalised water flux for TFC-D-1 after fouling testing and cleaning. The error bars were calculated based on three independent replicate tests.

Tab.4 Attached amount of foulants on the membrane surface

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