Research progress and prospects of complete ammonia oxidizing bacteria in wastewater treatment

doi:10.1007/s11783-022-1555-2

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (9) : 123 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-022-1555-2

REVIEW ARTICLE

Research progress and prospects of complete ammonia oxidizing bacteria in wastewater treatment

Shaoping Luo¹, Yi Peng², Ying Liu³, Yongzhen Peng¹(

)

¹. National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
². Xinkai Water Environmental Investment Co. Ltd., Beijing 101101, China
³. Zhongshan Public Utilities Water Co. Ltd., Zhongshan 528400, China

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Abstract

• Comammox bacteria have unique physiological characteristics.

• Comammox bacteria are widely distributed in natural and artificial systems.

• Comammox bacteria have the potential to reduce N₂O emissions.

• Coupling comammox bacteria with DEAMOX can be promoted in wastewater treatment.

• Comammox bacteria have significant potential for enhancing total nitrogen removal.

Complete ammonia oxidizing bacteria, or comammox bacteria (CAOB), can oxidize ammonium to nitrate on its own. Its discovery revolutionized our understanding of biological nitrification, and its distribution in both natural and artificial systems has enabled a reevaluation of the relative contribution of microorganisms to the nitrogen cycle. Its wide distribution, adaptation to oligotrophic medium, and diverse metabolic pathways, means extensive research on CAOB and its application in water treatment can be promoted. Furthermore, the energy-saving characteristics of high oxygen affinity and low sludge production may also become frontier directions for wastewater treatment. This paper provides an overview of the discovery and environmental distribution of CAOB, as well as the physiological characteristics of the microorganisms, such as nutrient medium, environmental factors, enzymes, and metabolism, focusing on future research and the application of CAOB in wastewater treatment. Further research should be carried out on the physiological characteristics of CAOB, to analyze its ecological niche and impact factors, and explore its application potential in wastewater treatment nitrogen cycle improvement.

Keywords Complete ammonia oxidizing (comammox) bacteria Nitrogen cycle Physiological characteristics Wastewater treatment

Corresponding Author(s): Yongzhen Peng

About author: Tongcan Cui and Yizhe Hou contributed equally to this work.

Issue Date: 10 September 2022

Cite this article:

Shaoping Luo,Yi Peng,Ying Liu, et al. Research progress and prospects of complete ammonia oxidizing bacteria in wastewater treatment[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(9): 123.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-022-1555-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2022/V16/I9/123

Fig.1 Differences between traditional microbial nitrification and comammox bacteria nitrification.

Tab.1 Comammox bacteria partial distribution in natural ecosystems

Growth environment	Country	Species	Research method	Key finding	Reference
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)	China	N. inopinata	Metagenome; 16S rRNA	Comammox bacteria abundance accounts for≤0.1%. It is speculated that the contribution of comammox bacteria nitrification is small in the sewage treatment process.	Chao et al., 2016
Drinking water systems	Singapore; China; United States	N. inopinata N. nitrosa N. nitrificans	Metagenome	Comammox bacteria are widely distributed in drinking water systems and coexist with traditional AOM. The nitrification of drinking water systems may be mainly completed by comammox bacteria.	Wang et al., 2017
WWTPs	United States	N. nitrosa	Metagenome	To achieve enrichment of Ca. N. nitrosa, it has a higher affinity for urea.	Kits et al., 2017
WWTPs	United States United Kingdom	N. inopinata N. nitrosa N. nitrificans	Metagenome; qPCR	A primer set and qPCR targeting clade A were designed; comammox bacteria prefer long sludge age and attached growth, and the increase in abundance in the same habitat has no correlation with the decrease in AOB and NOB abundance.	Camejo et al., 2017
Urban lake	China	/	16S rRNA	Comammox bacteria are widely distributed in urban lakes, eutrophication may inhibit its growth.	Xu et al., 2020
Acidic soils	Japan	/	16S rRNA	When the pH is 3–4, nitrification activity of comammox bacteria is still detected.	Takahashi et al., 2020
A continuous membrane bioreactor	Netherlands	N. Kreftii	FISH; Metagenome;	They obtained a novel comammox bacteria species, Ca. N. kreftti. Moreover, they think differences in ammonium tolerance could potentially be a niche-determining factor for different comammox Nitrospira.	Sakoula et al., 2021
Lab-scale PN/A SBR Reactor	China	/	16S rRNA qPCR	The amoA gene of comammox bacteria in the PN/A system that has been running stably for more than 1,000 days accounted for 89.2±7.9%, achieving synergistic denitrification under hypoxic conditions.	Shao and Wu, 2021
Aquaponic system	Germany	/	16S rRNA	Comammox bacteria are found in the high-efficiency aquaponic symbiosis system, which participate in the removal of NH₄⁺-N at low steady-state NH₄⁺-N concentrations.	Heise et al., 2021

Tab.2 Comammox bacteria partial distribution in artificial systems

Fig.2 Ternary plot of the proportions of comammox, AOB, and AOA in 111 metagenomic data sets of different environmental samples from the NCBI SRA database (Xia et al. 2018).

Fig.3 Common microbial denitrification processes in wastewater treatment plants. (DNRA: dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium).

Fig.4 Application of comammox bacteria in wastewater treatment. (DB: denitrifying bacteria).

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