Combination of steam-enhanced extraction and electrical resistance heating for efficient remediation of perchloroethylene-contaminated soil: Coupling merits and energy consumption

doi:10.1007/s11783-022-1582-z

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (11) : 147 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-022-1582-z

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Combination of steam-enhanced extraction and electrical resistance heating for efficient remediation of perchloroethylene-contaminated soil: Coupling merits and energy consumption

Rui Yue¹, Zhikang Chen¹, Liujun Liu¹, Lipu Yin², Yicheng Qiu¹, Xianhui Wang¹, Zhicheng Wang¹, Xuhui Mao¹(

)

¹. School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
². China State Science Dingshi Environmental Engineering Company, Beijing 100020, China

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Abstract

● Coupling merits of SEE and ERH were explored by a laboratory-scale device.

● SEE promotes the soil electrical conductivity and ERH process.

● Preheating soil by ERH improves the soil permeability and SEE.

● Combined method is more energy-efficient for perchloroethylene extraction.

In situ thermal desorption (ISTD) technology effectively remediates soil contaminated by dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). However, more efforts are required to minimize the energy consumption of ISTD technology. This study developed a laboratory-scale experimental device to explore the coupling merits of two traditional desorption technologies: steam-enhanced extraction (SEE) and electrical resistance heating (ERH). The results showed that injecting high-density steam (> 1 g/min) into loam or clay with relatively high moisture content (> 13.3%) could fracture the soil matrix and lead to the occurrence of the preferential flow of steam. For ERH alone, the electrical resistance and soil moisture loss were critical factors influencing heating power. When ERH and SEE were combined, preheating soil by ERH could increase soil permeability, effectively alleviating the problem of preferential flow of SEE. Meanwhile, steam injection heated the soil and provided moisture for maintaining soil electrical conductivity, thereby ensuring power stability in the ERH process. Compared with ERH alone (8 V/cm) and SEE alone (1 g/min steam), the energy consumption of combined method in remediating perchloroethylene-contaminated soil was reduced by 39.3% and 52.9%, respectively. These findings indicate that the combined method is more favorable than ERH or SEE alone for remediating DNAPL-contaminated subsurfaces when considering ISTD technology.

Keywords Steam-enhanced extraction Electrical resistance heating Dense nonaqueous phase liquid Soil remediation Energy consumption

Corresponding Author(s): Xuhui Mao

Issue Date: 06 June 2022

Cite this article:

Rui Yue,Zhikang Chen,Liujun Liu, et al. Combination of steam-enhanced extraction and electrical resistance heating for efficient remediation of perchloroethylene-contaminated soil: Coupling merits and energy consumption[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(11): 147.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-022-1582-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2022/V16/I11/147

Fig.1 Schematic of laboratory-scale “SEE+ERH” experimental device.

Fig.2 Temperature profiles of the inlet, middle, and outlet parts of the soil column with a steam injection rate at 0.5 g/min (a–c), 1 g/min (d–f), and 1.5 g/min (g–i). For each steam injection group, loam soil samples with moisture contents of 10%, 13.3%, and 16.7% were tested.

Fig.3 Temperature profiles of the inlet, middle part, and outlet of the soil column when steam was injected into different media: sand (a–c), loam (d–f), and clay (g–i). Initial soil moisture was set at 20% for all tested samples.

Fig.4 Profiles of soil temperature (middle part of the column) and heating power for the electrical resistance heating of loam sample at 8 V/cm (a, d), 12 V/cm (b, e), 16 V/cm (c, f). The sample moisture content ranged from 10% to 30%.

Fig.5 Temperature profiles of the middle part of the soil column and electrodes. The temperature of the electrode was measured by inserting a thermocouple close to the electrode (~3-mm spacing).

Fig.6 (a) Profiles of temperature and heating power when loam soil was heated by ERH (8 V/cm) and SEE in combination; (b) profiles of temperature and heating power by ERH (8 V/cm) while the same amount of water was injected. The initial soil moisture was set at 20%. Both steam and water were injected at a rate of 0.5 g/min.

Fig.7 Profiles of soil temperature and appearances of the top of loam soil samples: (a) heating soil by the combination of ERH and SEE (“SEE+ERH”) initialized simultaneously; (b) heating soil by “SEE+ERH” after preheating the soil to 60 °C by ERH; (c) heating soil by “SEE+ERH” after preheating the soil to 70 °C by ERH. Initial soil moisture was set at 20% for all samples. The steam injection was operated at 1 g/min, with an electric field strength of 16 V/cm.

Fig.8 PCE concentration in off-gas and temperature profiles of loam soil during different remedial processes: (a) ERH treatment, (b) SEE treatment, and (c) ERH + SEE treatment. Initial soil moisture was set at 20% for all samples, with an electric field strength of ERH of 8 V/cm.

Tab.1 Detailed information about different thermal desorption methods

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