Single and combined effects of secondary polyethylene microplastic on the growth of Pak choi and the soil microbiome composition

doi:10.1007/s11783-024-1813-6

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (5) : 53 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-024-1813-6

Single and combined effects of secondary polyethylene microplastic on the growth of Pak choi and the soil microbiome composition

Jiamin Hu¹, Zhenwen Xie¹, Jiane Zuo^1,²(

)

¹. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
². Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China

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Abstract

● Secondary PE-MPs were simulated via the aging processes and mechanical milling.

● The growth of Pak choi was greatly inhibited after secondary PE-MPs exposure.

● Combined effects of secondary PE-MPs and pollutants were antagonism.

● Soil properties and microbial composition showed significant alteration.

It has been confirmed that microplastics (MPs) are present in the environment. This study simulated secondary PE-MPs via aging and mechanical processes to evaluate their effects on Pak choi (Brassica rapa L.) over 21 d. Two common pollutants, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and naphthalene, were used in the combined toxicity tests. The results indicated that the growth of Pak choi was significantly inhibited after exposure to secondary PE-MPs, and the combined effects were antagonistic, owing to the adsorption capacity of secondary PE-MPs to DDT and naphthalene. Oxidative stress in Pak choi can be markedly affected, leading to oxidative damage to plant cells. The moisture content, soil bulk density, soil density, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and FDA hydrolase in the planted soils increased in the treated groups, and the TOC content changed significantly. We also found that the microbial composition of the soil in the DDT and naphthalene groups showed more significant alterations than that in the other groups. Alpha diversity analysis showed that species diversity increased in the combined groups but indicated a clear downward trend in the single MPs groups. This study suggests that secondary PE-MPs harm the growth of Pak choi and can change soil properties, revealing the harm to the ecosystem of MPs in the soil.

Keywords Secondary PE-MPs Combined effects Oxidative stress Soil properties Bacterial community

Corresponding Author(s): Jiane Zuo

Issue Date: 10 January 2024

Cite this article:

Jiamin Hu,Zhenwen Xie,Jiane Zuo. Single and combined effects of secondary polyethylene microplastic on the growth of Pak choi and the soil microbiome composition[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(5): 53.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-024-1813-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2024/V18/I5/53

Fig.1 The growth of Pak choi in control and treated groups during 21 d. (a) Fresh weight, (b) dry weight, (c) root length, (d) stem length, (e) the concentration of chlorophyll a, (f) the concentration of chlorophyll b. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

Tab.1 IA model of the combined groups calculated by the inhibition rate of fresh weight

Fig.2 The oxidative stress of Pak choi in control and treated groups during 21 d. (a) CAT, (b) SOD, (c) ROS, and (d) MDA. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. The red dotted line refers to the position of the control.

Fig.3 Relative abundance of the bacteria in the soil. (a) The phylum level, and (b) the genus level.

Fig.4 Alpha diversity indices (Chao1 and Shannon) in the control and treated groups.

Fig.5 Microbial beta diversity and cluster analysis in the soil. (a) Principal Component Analysis (PCA), (b) Venn diagram at the genus level.

Fig.6 Heatmap of Spearman correlation between bacteria at the phylum (top 10) and environmental factors (soil density, porosity, moisture content, CEC, FDA hydrolase, and TOC) in the soil. *0.01 < p < 0.05; **0.001 < p < 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001.

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