Out of step: The function of TALE homeodomain transcription factors that regulate shoot meristem maintenance and meristem identity

doi:10.1007/s11515-011-1182-y

Front Biol

2012, Vol. 7

Issue (2) : 144-154 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-011-1182-y

REVIEW

Out of step: The function of TALE homeodomain transcription factors that regulate shoot meristem maintenance and meristem identity

Shang WU, Harley M. S. SMITH(

)

Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA

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Abstract

The indeterminate growth pattern displayed by shoots is mediated by the proper maintenance of the shoot meristem. Meristem maintenance is dependent upon the balance of stem cell perpetuation in the central zone (CZ) and organogenesis in the peripheral zone (PZ). Although the mechanisms that coordinate CZ and PZ function is not understood, meristem cell fate is likely achieved by the spatial interplay between gene regulatory networks and hormone signaling pathways. During shoot maturation, the identity of the shoot meristem as well as the lateral organs are transformed during the vegetative and reproductive transitions. Studies in model plant systems indicate that three amino acid extension (TALE) homeodomain proteins integrate signaling events that transform the identity of the shoot meristem and establish reproductive patterns of growth. This review will highlight the function of TALE homeodomain transcription factors that regulate shoot meristem cell fate and also function with phase specific regulators to maintain shoot meristem identity.

Keywords shoot development meristem flowering patterning homeodomain

Corresponding Author(s): SMITH Harley M. S.,Email:harleys@ucr.edu

Issue Date: 01 April 2012

Cite this article:

Shang WU,Harley M. S. SMITH. Out of step: The function of TALE homeodomain transcription factors that regulate shoot meristem maintenance and meristem identity[J]. Front Biol, 2012, 7(2): 144-154.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/10.1007/s11515-011-1182-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/Y2012/V7/I2/144

Fig.1 The role of ATH1 and PNY/PNF in regulating vegetative meristem identity. In this model, we propose that and act in an antagonistic manner to regulate the temporal levels of . In addition, ATH1 promotes vegetative shoot identity by activating in a FR1 dependent manner. Positive regulation of and by ATH1 results in the repression and expression. Ultimately, inflorescence identity is repressed in part through the inactivation of expression. The solid line depicts known regulatory events while the white filled line indicates a proposed regulectory event.

Fig.2 The role of PNY and PNF in regulating flower specification. Based on this model, we propose that PNY (as well as PNF) acts to regulate flower specification by down-regulating , which allows for optimal gene expression. In addition, PNY-STM (as well as PNF-STM) heterodimer may associate with SOC1-AGL24-FUL to promote the upregulation of . Lastly, the FT activates and in a PNY (as well as PNF) dependent manner. The solid lines and arrows depict known interactions and regulatory events while the white filled lines and arrows suggest possible interactions and regulatory events.

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