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Front. Energy    2020, Vol. 14 Issue (4) : 699-714    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-020-0666-3
REVIEW ARTICLE
Development and technical progress in large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler in China
Zhong HUANG, Lei DENG, Defu CHE()
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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Abstract

Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers has realized the clean and efficient utilization of inferior coal like gangue and coal slime, high sulfur coal, anthracite, petroleum coke, oil shale and other resources. As a country with the largest amount of CFB boilers and the largest installed capacity in the world, China has 440 100–600 MWe CFB boilers with a total capacity of 82.29 GWe, including 227 units of 135 MWe, 95 units of 300 MWe, and 24 supercritical units. The statistics of typical 100–300 MWe CFB boilers showed that the average number of unplanned shut-down was only 0.37 times per year, among which the 135 MWe was 0.26 times per year and 300 MWe was 0.46 times per year. The auxiliary power ratio of some 300 MWe CFB boilers based on flow-pattern reconstruction can be reduced to about 4%, which is closed to the same level of pulverized coal (PC) boilers. This paper summarizes the development process and application status of China’s large-scale CFB boilers, analyzes the characteristics and technical performance of the iconic units, and introduces solutions to the problems such as water wall wear and bottom ash cooling.
Keywords CFB boiler      installed capacity      reliability      economics      ultra-low emission      China     
Corresponding Author(s): Defu CHE   
Online First Date: 26 March 2020    Issue Date: 21 December 2020
 Cite this article:   
Zhong HUANG,Lei DENG,Defu CHE. Development and technical progress in large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler in China[J]. Front. Energy, 2020, 14(4): 699-714.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-020-0666-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2020/V14/I4/699
Fig.1  Proportion of large-scale CFB boilers applied in China.
Manufacturer 100 MWe
HP		 135 MWe
HP/UHP		 200 MWe
HP/UHP		 300 MWe
Subcritical		 350 MWe
SC		 600 MWe
SC		 660 MWe
SC/USC
DBC D/M/O D/M/O D/M/O D/M/O D/M/O D/M D/M
HBC D/M/O D/M/O D/M/O D/M/O D/M D/M D/M
SBW D/M/O D/M/O D/M/O D/M/O D/M/O D/M D
WXHG D/M/O D/M/O D/M/O D
CWPC D/M/O D/M/O D/M/O D
JNBC D/M/O D/M/O D/M/O D
TYBC D/M/O D/M/O D D/M
HZBC D/M/O D/M/O
Tab.1  Design and manufacturing capability of manufacturers for large-scale CFB boilers
Fig.2  Installed capacity of large-scale CFB boilers in China.
Region Power plants Installed units Total capacity/GWe
North China 62 137 27.6
Central China 15 30 4.4
East China 46 105 18.2
South China 23 49 9.9
North-east China 10 26 5.3
South-west China 19 37 7.2
North-west China 18 56 9.7
Tab.2  Statistics of production of large-scale CFB boilers in China by region
Power
plant		 Level/MWe Manufacturer Main/Reheat
steam flow/(t·h–1)		 Main/Reheat
steam pressure
/MPa		 Main/Reheat
steam
temperature/°C		 Furnace
width ×
depth × height/m3		 Design
bed
temperature
/°C		 Design boiler
efficiencyb
/%
Baima 300a DBC/Alstom 1025/807 17.4/3.54 540/540 15.1 × 12.6 × 35.5 890 91.90
Baolihua 300 DBC 1025/845 17.45/3.49 540/540 28.28 × 8.44 × 39.9 910 89.50
Fenyi 330a HBC/TPRI 1025/929 18.64/4.27 540/543 25.84 × 9.48 × 39 917 89.05
Baima 600a DBC 1900/1568 17.4/4.35 540/569 27.90 × 15.03 × 55 890 91.31
Guojin 350 DBC 1215/997 25.31/4.75 540/569 31.03 × 9.81 × 50 894 91.16
Tab.3  Information and design parameters of iconic large-scale CFB boilers in China
Fig.3  Schematic diagram of Baima 300 MWe CFB boiler.
Item Unit Guaranteed value Test value
Boiler efficiency % 91.9 93.29
SO2 emission mg/m3 ≤600 550.81
NOx emission mg/m3 ≤250 90.74
Ca/S mole ratio ≤1.8 1.69
Boiler maximum continuous rating t/h 1025 1031.6
Superheat steam temperature °C 540±5 538.71
Reheat steam temperature °C 540±5 541.36
Boiler minimum stable load without oil support % BMCR 35±5 34.39
Tab.4  Main guaranteed performance parameters and corresponding test results of Baima 300 MWe CFB boiler [25]
Fig.4  Schematic diagram of Baolihua 300 MWe CFB boiler.
Fig.5  Structure comparison of design schemes for one project.
Item Unit Simple design EHE design
Furnace width × depth × height m × m × m 28.28 × 8.44 × 39.9 12.62 × 15.05 × 35.5
Distributor plate width × depth m × m 28.28 × 4.01 2 × 3.96 × 12.62
Furnace volume m3 9003 6291
Total area of water wall m2 3260 2220
Total area of super heater m2 6797 5973
Total area of reheater m2 5200 3875
Total area of economizer m2 23388 21000
Type of cyclone – Steam cooled Adiabatic
Number of cyclone – 3 4
Number of EHE – - 4
Type of air heater – Tube Rotary
Bed temperature °C 890 870
Boiler efficiencya % 92.7 92.5
Tab.5  Main structure and performance parameters
Fig.6  Cost comparison of design schemes for one project.
Fig.7  Schematic diagram of Fenyi 330 MWe CFB boiler.
Fig.8  Schematic diagram of EHE and CHE design.
Fig.9  Comparison of adjustment characteristic.
Fig.10  Schematic diagram of Baima 600 MWe CFB boiler.
Item Unit Guaranteed value Test value
Boiler efficiency % 91.31 91.52
SO2 emission (Ca/S= 2.1) mg/m3 <380 <192.04
NOx emission mg/m3 <200 112
Dust emission mg/m3 <30 9
Boiler maximum continuous rating t/h 1819.1 1823.0
Superheat steam pressure MPa 25.39 24.64
Superheat temperature °C 571 570
Reheat steam pressure MPa 4.149 3.98
Reheat steam temperature °C 569 567.6
Bed temperature °C 890 854
Tab.6  Main guaranteed performance parameters of boiler and corresponding test results of Baima 600 MWe CFB boiler [4]
Fig.11  Schematic diagram of 350 MWe CFB boiler in Guojin.
Fig.12  SO2 and NOx emission of 350 MWe CFB boiler in Guojin.
Fig.13  Design of 660 MWe ultra-supercritical CFB boiler.
Fig.14  Economics of a typical CFB boiler.
Fig.15  Structure, principle, and application of anti-wear beam.
Fig.16  Structure and application of anti-wear clapboard.
Fig.17  Appearance diagram of membrane wall bottom ash cooler.
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