Multi-stage ammonia production for sorption selective catalytic reduction of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>

doi:10.1007/s11708-021-0797-1

Front. Energy

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (5) : 840-851 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-021-0797-1

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Multi-stage ammonia production for sorption selective catalytic reduction of NO_x

Chen ZHANG, Guoliang AN, Liwei WANG(

), Shaofei WU

Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Key Laboratory of Power Machinery and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

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Abstract

Sorption selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) (sorption-SCR) has ever been proposed for replacing commercial urea selective catalytic reduction of NO_x (urea-SCR), while only the single-stage sorption cycle is hitherto adopted for sorption-SCR. Herein, various multi-stage ammonia production cycles is built to solve the problem of relative high starting temperature with ammonia transfer (AT) unit and help detect the remaining ammonia in ammonia storage and delivery system (ASDS) with ammonia warning (AW) unit. Except for the single-stage ammonia production cycle with MnCl₂, other sorption-SCR strategies all present overwhelming advantages over urea-SCR considering the much higher NO_x conversion driven by the heat source lower than 100°C and better matching characteristics with low-temperature catalysts. Furthermore, the required mass of sorbent for each type of sorption-SCR is less than half of the mass of AdBlue for urea-SCR. Therefore, the multifunctional multi-stage sorption-SCR can realize compact and renewable ammonia storage and delivery with low thermal energy consumption and high NO_x conversion, which brings a bright potential for efficient commercial de-NO_x technology.

Keywords selective catalytic reduction (SCR) nitrogen oxides (NO_x) ammonia composite sorbent chemisorption

Corresponding Author(s): Liwei WANG

Online First Date: 04 January 2022 Issue Date: 28 November 2022

Cite this article:

Chen ZHANG,Guoliang AN,Liwei WANG, et al. Multi-stage ammonia production for sorption selective catalytic reduction of NO_x[J]. Front. Energy, 2022, 16(5): 840-851.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-021-0797-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2022/V16/I5/840

Fig.1 Working principle of sorption-SCR.

Fig.2 Single-stage ammonia production process.

Fig.3 Double-stage ammonia production process.

Fig.4 Triple-stage ammonia production process.

Fig.5 Double-stage triple-effect ammonia production process.

Fig.6 Experimental test unit and test procedure.

Fig.7 Thermodynamic sorption results of NH₄Cl/ENG-TSA, CaCl₂/ENG-TSA, and MnCl₂/ENG-TSA at 0.87 MPa.

Fig.8 T_s versus p_s of NH₄Cl/ENG-TSA, CaCl₂/ENG-TSA, and MnCl₂/ENG-TSA, with experimental value shown in solid lines and theoretical value shown in dash lines.

Fig.9 Comparison of sorption-SCR and urea-SCR on NO_x conversion at various driven temperatures.

Fig.10 Ammonia storage density and thermal efficiency of various ammonia production processes (s₁: NH₄Cl; s₂: NaBr; s₃: CaCl₂; s₄: SrCl₂; s₅: MnCl₂; d₁: CaCl₂-NH₄Cl; d₂: SrCl₂-NH₄Cl; d₃: MnCl₂-NH₄Cl; d₄: CaCl₂-NaBr; d₅: SrCl₂-NaBr; d₆: MnCl₂-NaBr; t₁: CaCl₂-NH₄Cl-MnCl₂; t₂: SrCl₂-NH₄Cl-MnCl₂; t₃: CaCl₂-NaBr-MnCl₂; t₄: SrCl₂-NaBr-MnCl₂; dt₁: CaCl₂/MnCl₂-NH₄Cl; dt₂: SrCl₂/MnCl₂-NH₄Cl; dt₃: CaCl₂/MnCl₂-NaBr; dt₄: SrCl₂/MnCl₂-NaBr).

Fig.11 Comparison of bulk weights of different types of sorption-SCR with urea-SCR as the benchmark.

Fig.12 Comparison of bulk volumes of different types of sorption-SCR with urea-SCR as the benchmark (The solid lines are the best candidates and the dash lines are the worst candidate of different type of sorption-SCR).

De-NO_x agent	T_sta/°C	$c N O x$ /%	$η N H 3$ /(g·kJ⁻¹)	$ρ N H 3$ /(g·cm⁻³)	m_s/m_AdBlue	V_s/V_AdBlue
s₁	29	95.5	0.65	0.76	0.26	0.26–0.66
s₅	125.6	0	0.21	0.43	0.46	0.46–1.16
d₁	29	95.5	0.31	0.71	0.28	0.28–0.71
d₆	32.8	95.5	0.21	0.42	0.48	0.48–1.21
t₁	29	95.5	0.31	0.66	0.30	0.30–0.76
t₄	32.8	95.5	0.31	0.54	0.37	0.37–0.93
dt₁	29	95.5	0.30	0.69	0.29	0.29–0.73
dt₄	32.8	95.5	0.30	0.57	0.35	0.35–0.88
AdBlue	160	0	0.07	0.20	1	1

Tab.1 Parameters of types of sorption-SCRs with urea-SCR as the benchmark

Tab.2 Overall evaluation of types of sorption-SCR with urea-SCR as the benchmark

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