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Frontiers of Optoelectronics

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Front. Optoelectron.    2018, Vol. 11 Issue (4) : 317-332    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-018-0839-4
REVIEW ARTICLE
Progress on photochromic diarylethenes with aggregation induced emission
Nuo-Hua XIE, Ying CHEN, Huan YE, Chong LI(), Ming-Qiang ZHU
Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Abstract

Among various photochromic compounds, diarylethenes (DAEs) have been widely studied and applied due to their excellent thermal bistability and fatigue resistance. Most researches are focused on the properties and applications of DAEs in solution. However, they meet the problem of fluorescence quenching at high concentration or at solid state which limits their performance in the practical applications. Fortunately, the DAE based photochromic aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials do well in addressing this problem. This work here reviews the current research progress on the structures, properties and applications of the DAE based photochromic AIE materials and points out some existing problems so as to promote subsequent development of this field in the future.
Keywords aggregation-induced emission (AIE)      photochromism      diarylethene (DAE)      fluorescence photoswitching      optical memory      super-resolution imaging     
Corresponding Author(s): Chong LI   
Just Accepted Date: 08 August 2018   Online First Date: 13 September 2018    Issue Date: 21 December 2018
 Cite this article:   
Nuo-Hua XIE,Ying CHEN,Huan YE, et al. Progress on photochromic diarylethenes with aggregation induced emission[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2018, 11(4): 317-332.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-018-0839-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2018/V11/I4/317
Fig.1  Chemical structure of CN-MBE based diarylethene (DAE) and fluorescence photos of its THF solution (soln) and the colloidal suspension (II, IV) of fluorescent photochromic organic nanoparticles (FPONs). The concentration is 2´10-4 mol/L) [35]
Fig.2  Photochromism and fluorescence on/off in solution and the “aggregate” state of dithienylethene-tetraphenylethene (DTE-TPE) [36]
Fig.3  Structures of tetraphenylethene and triphenylethene-based bisthienylethene (BTE) [38]
Fig.4  Typical photo-cyclization process of tetraphenylethylene
Fig.5  Proposed mechanism of the photochromism of TrPECl2 [43]
Fig.6  Hybrid tetraarylethenes with photoswitchable aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and reversible photochromism [46]
Fig.7  Chemical structures of H and G and the photoresponsive fluorescence switching process of the complex [47]
Fig.8  Photochemical and reversible conversions between ring-opened BTE-EQ and ring-closure c-BTE-EQ by alternating ultraviolet and visible light irradiations. Specially, the aggregation at AIE state prevents BTE-EQ taking place the photocyclization reaction [48]
Fig.9  Morphology and fluorescence change of B2C during H2O addition and ultraviolet exposure [49]
Fig.10  Diagram of “giant amplification of fluorescence photoswitching” in nanoparticles induced by intermolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) [50]
Fig.11  Construction of DTE-BP/Laponite hybrid hydrogel and its fluorescence photoswitching process [52]
Fig.12  Photochromic reaction of poly(DCS-BTE) and its absorption and fluorescence spectra at the open form and photostationary state (irradiated at 290 nm) [55]
Fig.13  Structures and PL spectra changes of (a, c) poly(DTE-TPE) and (b, d) P-PHT [54,56]
Fig.14  Fluorescent photographs of DTE-BP embedded PVDF film upon alternating 254 nm UV and visible light irradiations [51]
Fig.15  Rewritable and nondestructive readout of fluorescent patterns recorded on poly(DCS-BTE) film prepared by spin-coating [55]
Fig.16  Illustration of a binary logical gate based on the SS-TFMBE/TFM-BTE organogel systerm. It uses fluorescence quenching as output signal in response to two inputs signal of “UV light” and “heat,” giving a The resulted truth table: a) gel/visible light (0, 0), b) gel/UV light (1, 0), c) sol/visible light (0, 1), d) sol/UV light (1, 1) [53]
Fig.17  (a) Conventional fluorescence imaging of DTE-TPE probes in PMMA matrix. (b) Super-resolution fluorescence imaging of the same area with (a). (c) Enlarged view and (d) super-resolution fluorescence images of the selected regions in (a) and (b), respectively. (e) Cross-sectional profiles along the dashed line across a couple of adjacent DTE-TPE emitting spots in (d), suggesting a spatial resolution of sub-81 nm [36]
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