Fabrication and growth mechanism of one-dimensional Heusler alloy nanostructures with different morphologies on anodic aluminum oxide template by magnetron sputtering

doi:10.1007/s11706-022-0615-7

Front. Mater. Sci.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (3) : 220615 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-022-0615-7

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Fabrication and growth mechanism of one-dimensional Heusler alloy nanostructures with different morphologies on anodic aluminum oxide template by magnetron sputtering

Xiaoyu MA¹, Guifeng CHEN¹, Xiaoming ZHANG¹, Taoyuan JIA¹, Weiqi ZHAO¹, Zhaojun MO², Heyan LIU¹, Xuefang DAI¹(

), Guodong LIU¹(

)

¹. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
². School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China

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Abstract

Heusler alloys are a kind of intermetallic compounds with highly-ordered arrangement of atoms. Many attractive functional materials have been developed in Heusler alloys. Due to the application requirements of materials in new-generation electronic devices and spintronics devices, one-dimensional nanostructured Heusler alloys with special functions are needed. In this work, it is proposed to grow one-dimensional Heusler alloy nanostructures (1D-HA-NSs) by magnetron sputtering plus anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. Nanowires with different shapes, amorphous-coated (AC) nanowires and nanotubes were successfully grown for several Heusler alloys. AC nanowires are the unique products of our method. Heusler alloy nanotubes are reported for the first time. The one-dimensional nanostructures grow on the surface of the AAO substrate rather than in the holes. The top of the pore wall is the nanostructure growth point, the shape of which determines the morphology of the nanostructures. A general growth mechanism model of one-dimensional nanostructures on AAO template was established and further confirmed by experimental observation.

Keywords Heusler alloy one-dimensional nanostructure magnetron sputtering

Corresponding Author(s): Xuefang DAI,Guodong LIU

Issue Date: 16 September 2022

Cite this article:

Xiaoyu MA,Guifeng CHEN,Xiaoming ZHANG, et al. Fabrication and growth mechanism of one-dimensional Heusler alloy nanostructures with different morphologies on anodic aluminum oxide template by magnetron sputtering[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2022, 16(3): 220615.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-022-0615-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2022/V16/I3/220615

Fig.1 (a)(b) The top morphology of Heusler alloys nanowire film on the AAO template. The areas framed in red correspond to the distribution areas of nanowires with the same shape as the frame. (c) Separated nanowires. (d) The cross-section morphology of Heusler alloys nanowire film on the AAO template. (e)(f)(g)(h)(i) The individual nanowires with triangular (panels (e) and (f)), square (panel (g)), and hexagonal (panels (h) and (i)) shapes. The compositions of the nanowires were listed in Table S1 (see ESI).

Fig.2 (a)(b) The individual AC nanowires of Heusler alloys. The top morphology of Heusler alloys nanowire film on the AAO template. (c)(d) The high-resolution atomic images. (e)(f) The electron diffraction patterns corresponding to crystal and amorphous regions, respectively.

Fig.3 (a) A complete individual nanotube of the Heusler alloy. (b)(c) The individual nanotubes with broken wall. (d) Fragments of nanotube wall. (e) The electron diffraction pattern of nanotube walls.

Fig.4 Magnetic field dependence of magnetization for 1D-HA-NS samples of Cr₃Al, Co₂CrAl, and Co₂MnAl measured at 5 K.

Fig.5 The growth mechanism model of 1D-HA-NSs on AAO template. (a) The growth mechanism model of the triangular nanowires: when the ambient temperature is high enough during nanowire growth process, two back-to-back triangular nanowires are pasted together to form diamond nanowires due to the surface melting, and at the bottom, the growth mechanism of diamond nanowires was shown. (b) The growth mechanism model of the square nanowires. (c) When the defects occur on the hole array of AAO template, the large square nanowires (top left corner), nanotubes (the bottom), and hexagonal nanowires (top right corner) can be grown.

Fig.6 (a) The top view of the bare AAO template. The areas framed in red are viewed as the typical areas to grow 1D-HA-NSs with various morphologies. (b) The top view of the short-time (20 min) grown 1D-HA-NS film on the AAO template. (c) The enlarged typical zones with different 1D-HA-NSs. The small triangles, squares, hexagons and circles are marked to represent the morphology of the nanostructures growing in the areas framed in red.

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