|
|
|
Nonideal double-slope effect in organic field-effect transistors |
Ming-Chao Xiao1,2, Jie Liu2, Yuan-Yuan Hu3( ), Shuai Wang1(), Lang Jiang2() |
1. Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
2. Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
3. Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract With the development of device engineering and molecular design, organic field effect transistors (OFETs) with high mobility over 10 cm2·V−1·s−1 have been reported. However, the nonideal doubleslope effect has been frequently observed in some of these OFETs, which makes it difficult to extract the intrinsic mobility OFETs accurately, impeding the further application of them. In this review, the origin of the nonideal double-slope effect has been discussed thoroughly, with affecting factors such as contact resistance, charge trapping, disorder effects and coulombic interactions considered. According to these discussions and the understanding of the mechanism behind double-slope effect, several strategies have been proposed to realize ideal OFETs, such as doping, molecular engineering, charge trapping reduction, and contact engineering. After that, some novel devices based on the nonideal double-slope behaviors have been also introduced.
|
| Keywords
organic field effect transistors
nonideal double-slope effect
mobility
|
|
Corresponding Author(s):
Yuan-Yuan Hu,Shuai Wang,Lang Jiang
|
|
Just Accepted Date: 08 September 2020
Issue Date: 27 October 2020
|
|
| 1 |
H. Klauk, U. Zschieschang, J. Pflaum, and M. Halik, Ultralow-power organic complementary circuits, Nature 445(7129), 745 (2007)
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05533
|
| 2 |
G. Gelinck, P. Heremans, K. Nomoto, and T. D. Anthopoulos, Organic transistors in optical displays and microelectronic applications, Adv. Mater. 22(34), 3778 (2010)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200903559
|
| 3 |
C. Zhang, P. Chen, and W. Hu, Organic field-effect transistor-based gas sensors, Chem. Soc. Rev. 44(8), 2087 (2015)
https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CS00326H
|
| 4 |
J. Y. Oh, S. Rondeau-Gagne, Y. C. Chiu, A. Chortos, F. Lissel, G. N. Wang, B. C. Schroeder, T. Kurosawa, J. Lopez, T. Katsumata, J. Xu, C. Zhu, X. Gu, W. G. Bae, Y. Kim, L. Jin, J. W. Chung, J. B. Tok, and Z. Bao, Intrinsically stretchable and healable semiconducting polymer for organic transistors, Nature 539(7629), 411 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20102
|
| 5 |
Y. Zang, D. Huang, C. A. Di, and D. Zhu, Device engineered organic transistors for flexible sensing applications, Adv. Mater. 28(22), 4549 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201505034
|
| 6 |
H. I. Un, P. Cheng, T. Lei, C. Y. Yang, J. Y. Wang, and J. Pei, Charge-trapping-induced non-ideal behaviors in organic field-effect transistors, Adv. Mater. 30(18), 1800017 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201800017
|
| 7 |
R. Warren, A. Privitera, P. Kaienburg, A. E. Lauritzen, O. Thimm, J. Nelson, and M. K. Riede, Controlling energy levels and Fermi level en route to fully tailored energetics in organic semiconductors, Nat. Commun. 10(1), 5538 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13563-x
|
| 8 |
J. Ko, Y. Kim, J. S. Kang, R. Berger, H. Yoon, and K. Char, Enhanced vertical charge transport of homo- and blended semiconducting polymers by nanoconfinement, Adv. Mater. 32(10), 1908087 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201908087
|
| 9 |
G. Schweicher, G. Garbay, R. Jouclas, F. Vibert, F. Devaux, and Y. H. Geerts, Molecular semiconductors for logic operations: Dead-end or bright future? Adv. Mater. 32(10), 1905909 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201905909
|
| 10 |
X. Wang, R. Kerr, F. Chen, N. Goujon, J. M. Pringle, D. Mecerreyes, M. Forsyth, and P. C. Howlett, Toward high-energy-density lithium metal batteries: Opportunities and challenges for solid organic electrolytes, Adv. Mater. 32(18), 1905219 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201905219
|
| 11 |
H. Fukagawa, M. Hasegawa, K. Morii, K. Suzuki, T. Sasaki, and T. Shimizu, Universal strategy for efficient electron injection into organic semiconductors utilizing hydrogen bonds, Adv. Mater. 31(43), 1904201 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201904201
|
| 12 |
Y. Li, C. Ji, Y. Qu, X. Huang, S. Hou, C. Z. Li, L. S. Liao, L. J. Cuo, and S. R. Forrest, Enhanced light utilization in semitransparent organic photovoltaics using an optical outcoupling architecture, Adv. Mater. 31(40), 1903173 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201903173
|
| 13 |
J. Mun, J. Kang, Y. Zheng, S. Luo, H. C. Wu, N. Matsuhisa, J. Xu, G. N. Wang, Y. Yun, G. Xue, J. B. H. Tok, and Z. Bao, Conjugated carbon cyclic nanorings as additives for intrinsically stretchable semiconducting polymers, Adv. Mater. 31(42), 1903912 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201903912
|
| 14 |
Y. Yamashita, J. Tsurumi, M. Ohno, R. Fujimoto, S. Kumagai, T. Kurosawa, T. Okamoto, J. Takeya, and S. Watanabe, Efficient molecular doping of polymeric semiconductors driven by anion exchange, Nature 572(7771), 634 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1504-9
|
| 15 |
J. Xu, S. Wang, G. N. Wang, C. Zhu, S. Luo, L. Jin, X. Gu, S. Chen, V. R. Feig, J. W. To, S. Rondeau-Gagne, J. Park, B. C. Schroeder, C. Lu, J. Y. Oh, Y. Wang, Y. H. Kim, H. Yan, R. Sinclair, D. Zhou, G. Xue, B. Murmann, C. Linder, W. Cai, J. B. Tok, J. W. Chung, and Z. Bao, Highly stretchable polymer semiconductor films through the nanoconfinement effect, Science 355(6320), 59 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah4496
|
| 16 |
P. Chao, H. Chen, Y. Zhu, H. Lai, D. Mo, N. Zheng, X. Chang, H. Meng, F. He, and A. Benzo, [1,2-b:4,5- c]dithiophene-4,8-dione-based polymer donor achieving an efficiency over 16%, Adv. Mater. 32(10), 1907059 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201907059
|
| 17 |
Y. Gao, Y. Yi, X. Wang, H. Meng, D. Lei, X. F. Yu, P. K. Chu, and J. Li, A novel hybrid-layered organic phototransistor enables efficient intermolecular charge transfer and carrier transport for ultrasensitive photodetection, Adv. Mater. 31(16), 1900763 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201900763
|
| 18 |
J. Wang, H. Yu, T. Fu, C. Zhao, H. Yu, Z. Liu, Q. He, D. Zhang, H. Meng, and W. Huang, Wide band gap pyromellitic diimides for photo stable n-channel thin film transistors, J. Mater. Chem. C 8(22), 7344 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC00862A
|
| 19 |
X. Ren, F. Yang, X. Gao, S. Cheng, X. Zhang, H. Dong, and W. Hu, Organic field-effect transistor for energyrelated applications: Low-power-consumption devices, near-infrared phototransistors, and organic thermoelectric devices, Adv. Energy Mater. 8(24), 1801003 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201801003
|
| 20 |
T. N. Jackson, Y.-Y. Lin, D. J. Gundlach, and H. Klauk, Organic thin-film transistors for organic light-emitting flat-panel display backplanes, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 4(1), 100 (1998)
https://doi.org/10.1109/2944.669475
|
| 21 |
P. F. Baude, D. A. Ender, M. A. Haase, T. W. Kelley, D. V. Muyres, and S. D. Theiss, Pentacene-based radio-frequency identification circuitry, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(22), 3964 (2003)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1579554
|
| 22 |
Y. Yao, H. Dong, and W. Hu, Charge transport in organic and polymeric semiconductors for flexible and stretchable devices, Adv. Mater. 28(22), 4513 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201503007
|
| 23 |
H. Li, Y. Shi, G. Han, J. Liu, J. Zhang, C. Li, J. Liu, Y. Yi, T. Li, X. Gao, C. Di, J. Huang, Y. Che, D. Wang, W. Hu, Y. Liu, and L. Jiang, Monolayer two-dimensional molecular crystals for an ultrasensitive OFET-based chemical sensor, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59(11), 4380 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201916397
|
| 24 |
I. Yagi, N. Hirai, Y. Miyamoto, M. Noda, A. Imaoka, N. Yoneya, K. Nomoto, J. Kasahara, A. Yumoto, and T. Urabe, A flexible full-color AMOLED display driven by OTFTs, J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 16(1), 15 (2008)
https://doi.org/10.1889/1.2835023
|
| 25 |
C. Reese, and Z. Bao, Detailed characterization of contact resistance, gate-bias-dependent field-effect mobility, and short-channel effects with microscale elastomeric singlecrystal field-effect transistors, Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(5), 763 (2009)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200801019
|
| 26 |
W. Deng, X. Zhang, C. Gong, Q. Zhang, Y. Xing, Y. Wu, X. Zhang, and J. Jie, Aligned nanowire arrays on thin flexible substrates for organic transistors with high bending stability, J. Mater. Chem. C 2(7), 1314 (2014)
https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TC31678E
|
| 27 |
C. Wang, H. Dong, L. Jiang, and W. Hu, Organic semiconductor crystals, Chem. Soc. Rev. 47(2), 422 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CS00490G
|
| 28 |
K. Ryu, I. Kymissis, V. Bulovic, and C. G. Sodini, Direct extraction of mobility in pentacene OFETs using C– V and I–V measurements, IEEE Electron Device Lett. 26(10), 716 (2005)
https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2005.854394
|
| 29 |
E. G. Bittle, J. I. Basham, T. N. Jackson, O. D. Jurchescu, and D. J. Gundlach, Mobility overestimation due to gated contacts in organic field-effect transistors, Nat. Commun. 7(1), 10908 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10908
|
| 30 |
Y. Shi, L. Jiang, J. Liu, Z. Tu, Y. Hu, Q. Wu, Y. Yi, E. Gann, C. R. McNeill, H. Li, W. Hu, D. Zhu, and H. Sirringhaus, Bottom-up growth of n-type monolayer molecular crystals on polymeric substrate for optoelectronic device applications, Nat. Commun. 9(1), 2933 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05390-3
|
| 31 |
Q. Tang, H. Li, Y. Liu, and W. Hu, High-performance air-stable n-type transistors with an asymmetrical device configuration based on organic single-crystalline submicrometer/ nanometer ribbons, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128(45), 14634 (2006)
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja064476f
|
| 32 |
J. H. Gao, R. J. Li, L. Q. Li, Q. Meng, H. Jiang, H. X. Li, and W. P. Hu, High-performance field-effect transistor based on dibenzo[d,d]thieno[3,2-b;4,5-b]dithiophene, an easily synthesized semiconductor with high ionization potential, Adv. Mater. 19(19), 3008 (2007)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200701167
|
| 33 |
J. Takeya, M. Yamagishi, Y. Tominari, R. Hirahara, Y. Nakazawa, T. Nishikawa, T. Kawase, T. Shimoda, and S. Ogawa, Very high-mobility organic single-crystal transistors with in-crystal conduction channels, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(10), 102120 (2007)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2711393
|
| 34 |
H. Minemawari, T. Yamada, H. Matsui, J. Tsutsumi, S. Haas, R. Chiba, R. Kumai, and T. Hasegawa, Inkjet printing of single-crystal films, Nature 475(7356), 364 (2011)
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10313
|
| 35 |
H. R. Tseng, L. Ying, B. B. Hsu, L. A. Perez, C. J. Takacs, G. C. Bazan, and A. J. Heeger, High mobility field effect transistors based on macroscopically oriented regioregular copolymers, Nano Lett. 12(12), 6353 (2012)
https://doi.org/10.1021/nl303612z
|
| 36 |
C. Luo, A. K. Kyaw, L. A. Perez, S. Patel, M. Wang, B. Grimm, G. C. Bazan, E. J. Kramer, and A. J. Heeger, General strategy for self-assembly of highly oriented nanocrystalline semiconducting polymers with high mobility, Nano Lett. 14(5), 2764 (2014)
https://doi.org/10.1021/nl500758w
|
| 37 |
H. R. Tseng, H. Phan, C. Luo, M. Wang, L. A. Perez, S. N. Patel, L. Ying, E. J. Kramer, T. Q. Nguyen, G. C. Bazan, and A. J. Heeger, High-mobility field-effect transistors fabricated with macroscopic aligned semiconducting polymers, Adv. Mater. 26(19), 2993 (2014)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201305084
|
| 38 |
Y. Yuan, G. Giri, A. L. Ayzner, A. P. Zoombelt, S. C. Mannsfeld, J. Chen, D. Nordlund, M. F. Toney, J. Huang, and Z. Bao, Ultra-high mobility transparent organic thin film transistors grown by an off-centre spincoating method, Nat. Commun. 5(1), 3005 (2014)
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4005
|
| 39 |
J. H. Dou, Y. Q. Zheng, Z. F. Yao, T. Lei, X. Shen, X. Y. Luo, Z. A. Yu, S. D. Zhang, G. Han, Z. Wang, Y. Yi, J. Y. Wang, and J. Pei, A cofacially stacked electron-deficient small molecule with a high electron mobility of over 10 cm2·V−1·s−1 in air, Adv. Mater. 27(48), 8051 (2015)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201503803
|
| 40 |
J. Liu, H. Zhang, H. Dong, L. Meng, L. Jiang, L. Jiang, Y. Wang, J. Yu, Y. Sun, W. Hu, and A. J. Heeger, High mobility emissive organic semiconductor, Nat. Commun. 6(1), 10032 (2015)
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10032
|
| 41 |
Y. Q. Zheng, T. Lei, J. H. Dou, X. Xia, J. Y. Wang, C. J. Liu, and J. Pei, Strong electron-deficient polymers lead to high electron mobility in air and their morphologydependent transport behaviors, Adv. Mater. 28(33), 7213 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201600541
|
| 42 |
G. Giri, E. Verploegen, S. C. B. Mannsfeld, S. Atahan-Evrenk, D. H. Kim, S. Y. Lee, H. A. Becerril, A. Aspuru-Guzik, M. F. Toney, and Z. Bao, Tuning charge transport in solution-sheared organic semiconductors using lattice strain, Nature 480(7378), 504 (2011)
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10683
|
| 43 |
H. Chen, Y. Guo, G. Yu, Y. Zhao, J. Zhang, D. Gao, H. Liu, and Y. Liu, Highly pi-extended copolymers with diketopyrrolopyrrole moieties for high-performance fieldeffect transistors, Adv. Mater. 24(34), 4618 (2012)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201201318
|
| 44 |
J. Li, Y. Zhao, H. S. Tan, Y. Guo, C. A. Di, G. Yu, Y. Liu, M. Lin, S. H. Lim, Y. Zhou, H. Su, and B. S. Ong, A stable solution-processed polymer semiconductor with record high-mobility for printed transistors, Sci. Rep. 2(1), 754 (2012)
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00754
|
| 45 |
I. Kang, T. K. An, J. A. Hong, H. J. Yun, R. Kim, D. S. Chung, C. E. Park, Y. H. Kim, and S. K. Kwon, Effect of selenophene in a DPP copolymer incorporating a vinyl group for high-performance organic field-effect transistors, Adv. Mater. 25(4), 524 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201202867
|
| 46 |
H. Sirringhaus, 25th anniversary article: Organic fieldeffect transistors: The path beyond amorphous silicon, Adv. Mater. 26(9), 1319 (2014)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201304346
|
| 47 |
S. Fratini, H. Xie, I. N. Hulea, S. Ciuchi, and A. F. Morpurgo, Current saturation and Coulomb interactions in organic single-crystal transistors, New J. Phys. 10(3), 033031 (2008)
https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/10/3/033031
|
| 48 |
H. Phan, M. Wang, G. C. Bazan, and T. Q. Nguyen, Electrical instability induced by electron trapping in lowbandgap donor-acceptor polymer field-effect transistors, Adv. Mater. 27(43), 7004 (2015)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201501757
|
| 49 |
Y. Xu, T. Minari, K. Tsukagoshi, J. A. Chroboczek, and G. Ghibaudo, Direct evaluation of low-field mobility and access resistance in pentacene field-effect transistors, J. Appl. Phys. 107(11), 114507 (2010)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3432716
|
| 50 |
F. Chiarella, M. Barra, A. Carella, L. Parlato, E. Sarnelli, and A. Cassinese, Contact-resistance effects in PDI8-CN2 n-type thin-film transistors investigated by Kelvin-probe potentiometry, Org. Electron. 28, 299 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2015.11.009
|
| 51 |
A. Ablat, A. Kyndiah, G. Houin, T. Y. Alic, L. Hirsch, and M. Abbas, Role of oxide/metal bilayer electrodes in solution processed organic field effect transistors, Sci. Rep. 9(1), 6685 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43237-z
|
| 52 |
A. Yamamura, T. Sakon, K. Takahira, T. Wakimoto, M. Sasaki, T. Okamoto, S. Watanabe, and J. Takeya, Highspeed organic single-crystal transistor responding to very high frequency band, Adv. Funct. Mater. 30(11), 1909501 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201909501
|
| 53 |
N. Tessler and Y. Roichman, Two-dimensional simulation of polymer field-effect transistor, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79(18), 2987 (2001)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1415374
|
| 54 |
T. J. Richards and H. Sirringhaus, Analysis of the contact resistance in staggered, top-gate organic field-effect transistors, J. Appl. Phys. 102(9), 094510 (2007)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2804288
|
| 55 |
D. Braga and G. Horowitz, High-performance organic field-effect transistors, Adv. Mater. 21(14–15), 1473 (2009)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200802733
|
| 56 |
S. Mansouri, M. Mahdouani, A. Oudir, S. Zorai, S. Ben Dkhil, G. Horowitz, and R. Bourguiga, Analytic model for organic thin film transistors (OTFTs): Effect of contact resistances application to the octithiophene, Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 48(3), 30401 (2009)
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2009163
|
| 57 |
C. Liu, G. Li, R. Di Pietro, J. Huang, Y. Y. Noh, X. Liu, and T. Minari, Device physics of contact issues for the overestimation and underestimation of carrier mobility in field-effect transistors, Phys. Rev. Appl. 8(3), 034020 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.8.034020
|
| 58 |
Y. Hu, G. Li, W. Peng, and Z. Chen, Comparing the gate dependence of contact resistance and channel resistance in organic field-effect transistors for understanding the mobility overestimation issue, IEEE Electron Device Lett. 39(3), 421 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2018.2798288
|
| 59 |
Z. A. Lamport, H. F. Haneef, S. Anand, M. Waldrip, and O. D. Jurchescu, Tutorial: Organic field-effect transistors: Materials, structure and operation, J. Appl. Phys. 124(7), 071101 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5042255
|
| 60 |
B. H. Hamadani and D. Natelson, Temperaturedependent contact resistances in high-quality polymer field-effect transistors, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(3), 443 (2004)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1639945
|
| 61 |
M. A. Reyes-Martinez, A. J. Crosby, and A. L. Briseno, Rubrene crystal field-effect mobility modulation via conducting channel wrinkling, Nat. Commun. 6(1), 6948 (2015)
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7948
|
| 62 |
T. Yang, Q. Wu, F. Dai, K. Huang, H. Xu, C. Liu, C. Chen, S. Hu, X. Liang, X. Liu, Y. Y. Noh, and C. Liu, Understanding, optimizing, and utilizing nonideal transistors based on organic or organic hybrid semiconductors, Adv. Funct. Mater. 30(20), 1903889 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201903889
|
| 63 |
C. Liu, C. Chen, X. Li, S. Hu, C. Liu, K. Huang, F. Dai, B. Zhang, X. Liu, T. Minari, Y. Y. Noh, and J. Chen, A general approach to probe dynamic operation and carrier mobility in field‐effect transistors with nonuniform accumulation, Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(29), 1901700 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201901700
|
| 64 |
D. F. Figer, An upper limit to the masses of stars, Nature 434(7030), 192 (2005)
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03293
|
| 65 |
C. M. Aguirre, P. L. Levesque, M. Paillet, F. Lapointe, B. C. St-Antoine, P. Desjardins, and R. Martel, The role of the oxygen/water redox couple in suppressing electron conduction in field-effect transistors, Adv. Mater. 21(30), 3087 (2009)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200900550
|
| 66 |
P. A. Bobbert, A. Sharma, S. G. Mathijssen, M. Kemerink, and D. M. de Leeuw, Operational stability of organic field-effect transistors, Adv. Mater. 24(9), 1146 (2012)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201104580
|
| 67 |
F. V. Di Girolamo, F. Ciccullo, M. Barra, A. Carella, and A. Cassinese, Investigation on bias stress effects in n-type PDI8-CN2 thin-film transistors, Org. Electron. 13(11), 2281 (2012)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2012.06.044
|
| 68 |
H. N. Tsao, D. M. Cho, I. Park, M. R. Hansen, A. Mavrinskiy, D. Y. Yoon, R. Graf, W. Pisula, H. W. Spiess, and K. Mullen, Ultrahigh mobility in polymer field-effect transistors by design, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(8), 2605 (2011)
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja108861q
|
| 69 |
Z. Chen, M. J. Lee, R. Shahid Ashraf, Y. Gu, S. Albert-Seifried, M. Meedom Nielsen, B. Schroeder, T. D. Anthopoulos, M. Heeney, I. McCulloch, and H. Sirringhaus, High-performance ambipolar diketopyrrolopyrrolethieno[ 3, 2-b]thiophene copolymer field-effect transistors with balanced hole and electron mobilities, Adv. Mater. 24(5), 647 (2012)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201102786
|
| 70 |
F. Fujimori, K. Shigeto, T. Hamano, T. Minari, T. Miyadera, K. Tsukagoshi, and Y. Aoyagi, Current transport in short channel top-contact pentacene field-effect transistors investigated with the selective molecular doping technique, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(19), 193507 (2007)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2737418
|
| 71 |
T. Minari, T. Miyadera, K. Tsukagoshi, Y. Aoyagi, and H. Ito, Charge injection process in organic field-effect transistors, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(5), 053508 (2007)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2759987
|
| 72 |
H. Kleemann, C. Schuenemann, A. A. Zakhidov, M. Riede, B. Lüssem, and K. Leo, Structural phase transition in pentacene caused by molecular doping and its effect on charge carrier mobility, Org. Electron. 13(1), 58 (2012)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2011.09.027
|
| 73 |
T. Minari, P. Darmawan, C. Liu, Y. Li, Y. Xu, and K. Tsukagoshi, Highly enhanced charge injection in thienoacene-based organic field-effect transistors with chemically doped contact, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(9), 093303 (2012)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3690949
|
| 74 |
G. Lu, J. Blakesley, S. Himmelberger, P. Pingel, J. Frisch, I. Lieberwirth, I. Salzmann, M. Oehzelt, R. Di Pietro, A. Salleo, N. Koch, and D. Neher, Moderate doping leads to high performance of semiconductor/insulator polymer blend transistors, Nat. Commun. 4(1), 1588 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2587
|
| 75 |
J. E. Cochran, M. J. N. Junk, A. M. Glaudell, P. L. Miller, J. S. Cowart, M. F. Toney, C. J. Hawker, B. F. Chmelka, and M. L. Chabinyc, Molecular interactions and ordering in electrically doped polymers: Blends of PBTTT and F4TCNQ, Macromolecules 47(19), 6836 (2014)
https://doi.org/10.1021/ma501547h
|
| 76 |
M. J. Ford, M. Wang, H. Phan, T. Q. Nguyen, and G. C. Bazan, Fullerene additives convert ambipolar transport to p-type transport while improving the operational stability of organic thin film transistors, Adv. Funct. Mater. 26(25), 4472 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201601294
|
| 77 |
M. Nikolka, I. Nasrallah, B. Rose, M. K. Ravva, K. Broch, A. Sadhanala, D. Harkin, J. Charmet, M. Hurhangee, A. Brown, S. Illig, P. Too, J. Jongman, I. McCulloch, J. L. Bredas, and H. Sirringhaus, High operational and environmental stability of high-mobility conjugated polymer field-effect transistors through the use of molecular additives, Nat. Mater. 16(3), 356 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4785
|
| 78 |
J. Panidi, A. F. Paterson, D. Khim, Z. Fei, Y. Han, L. Tsetseris, G. Vourlias, P. A. Patsalas, M. Heeney, and T. D. Anthopoulos, Remarkable enhancement of the hole mobility in several organic small-molecules, polymers, and small-molecule: Polymer blend transistors by simple admixing of the lewis acid p-dopant B(C6F5)3, Adv. Sci. 5(1), 1700290 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201700290
|
| 79 |
K. Pei, A. H. Y. Lau, and P. K. L. Chan, Understanding molecular surface doping of large bandgap organic semiconductors and overcoming the contact/access resistance in organic field-effect transistors, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 22(13), 7100 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0CP00487A
|
| 80 |
C. R. Newman, C. D. Frisbie, D. A. da Silva Filho, J. L. Brédas, P. C. Ewbank, and K. R. Mann, Introduction to organic thin film transistors and design of n-channel organic semiconductors, Chem. Mater. 16(23), 4436 (2004)
https://doi.org/10.1021/cm049391x
|
| 81 |
I. McCulloch, M. Heeney, C. Bailey, K. Genevicius, I. Macdonald, M. Shkunov, D. Sparrowe, S. Tierney, R. Wagner, W. Zhang, M. L. Chabinyc, R. J. Kline, M. D. McGehee, and M. F. Toney, Liquid-crystalline semiconducting polymers with high charge-carrier mobility, Nat. Mater. 5(4), 328 (2006)
https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1612
|
| 82 |
H. Phan, M. J. Ford, A. T. Lill, M. Wang, G. C. Bazan, and T. Q. Nguyen, Electrical double-slope nonideality in organic field-effect transistors, Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(17), 1707221 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201707221
|
| 83 |
M. Wang, M. J. Ford, A. T. Lill, H. Phan, T. Q. Nguyen, and G. C. Bazan, Hole mobility and electron injection properties of D-A conjugated copolymers with fluorinated phenylene acceptor units, Adv. Mater. 29(7), 1603830 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201603830
|
| 84 |
C. Goldmann, C. Krellner, K. P. Pernstich, S. Haas, D. J. Gundlach, and B. Batlogg, Determination of the interface trap density of rubrene single-crystal field-effect transistors and comparison to the bulk trap density, J. Appl. Phys. 99(3), 034507 (2006)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2170421
|
| 85 |
J. Kan, Y. Chen, D. Qi, Y. Liu, and J. Jiang, Highperformance air-stable ambipolar organic field-effect transistor based on tris(phthalocyaninato) europium(III), Adv. Mater. 24(13), 1755 (2012)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201200006
|
| 86 |
H. Wang, H. Liu, Q. Zhao, C. Cheng, W. Hu, and Y. Liu, Three-component integrated ultrathin organic photosensors for plastic optoelectronics, Adv. Mater. 28(4), 624 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201503953
|
| 87 |
J. Huang, Z. Mao, Z. Chen, D. Gao, C. Wei, W. Zhang, and G. Yu, Diazaisoindigo-based polymers with highperformance charge-transport properties: From computational screening to experimental characterization, Chem. Mater. 28(7), 2209 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00154
|
| 88 |
M. Nikolka, G. Schweicher, J. Armitage, I. Nasrallah, C. Jellett, Z. Guo, M. Hurhangee, A. Sadhanala, I. McCulloch, C. B. Nielsen, and H. Sirringhaus, Performance improvements in conjugated polymer devices by removal of water-induced traps, Adv. Mater. 30(36), 1801874 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201801874
|
| 89 |
D. He, J. Qiao, L. Zhang, J. Wang, T. Lan, J. Qian, Y. Li, Y. Shi, Y. Chai, W. Lan, L. K. Ono, Y. Qi, J. B. Xu, W. Ji, and X. Wang, Ultrahigh mobility and efficient charge injection in monolayer organic thin-film transistors on boron nitride, Sci. Adv. 3(9), e1701186 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1701186
|
| 90 |
X. Cheng, Y. Y. Noh, J. Wang, M. Tello, J. Frisch, R. P. Blum, A. Vollmer, J. P. Rabe, N. Koch, and H. Sirringhaus, Controlling electron and hole charge injection in ambipolar organic field-effect transistors by selfassembled monolayers, Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(15), 2407 (2009)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200900315
|
| 91 |
K. A. Singh, T. L. Nelson, J. A. Belot, T. M. Young, N. R. Dhumal, T. Kowalewski, R. D. McCullough, P. Nachimuthu, S. Thevuthasan, and L. M. Porter, Effect of self-assembled monolayers on charge injection and transport in poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based field-effect transistors at different channel length scales, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 3(8), 2973 (2011)
https://doi.org/10.1021/am200449x
|
| 92 |
J. Youn, G. R. Dholakia, H. Huang, J. W. Hennek, A. Facchetti, and T. J. Marks, Influence of Thiol selfassembled monolayer processing on bottom-contact thinfilm transistors based on n-type organic semiconductors, Adv. Funct. Mater. 22(9), 1856 (2012)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201102312
|
| 93 |
S. Chung, M. Jang, S. B. Ji, H. Im, N. Seong, J. Ha, S. K. Kwon, Y. H. Kim, H. Yang, and Y. Hong, Flexible high-performance all-inkjet-printed inverters: Organocompatible and stable interface engineering, Adv. Mater. 25(34), 4773 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201301040
|
| 94 |
C. G. Tang, M. C. Ang, K. K. Choo, V. Keerthi, J. K. Tan, M. N. Syafiqah, T. Kugler, J. H. Burroughes, R. Q. Png, L. L. Chua, and P. K. Ho, Doped polymer semiconductors with ultrahigh and ultralow work functions for ohmic contacts, Nature 539(7630), 536 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20133
|
| 95 |
J. Liu, L. Jiang, J. Shi, C. Li, Y. Shi, J. Tan, H. Li, H. Jiang, Y. Hu, X. Liu, J. Yu, Z. Wei, L. Jiang, and W. Hu, Relieving the photosensitivity of organic field-effect transistors, Adv. Mater. 32(4), 1906122 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906122
|
| 96 |
J. Liu, L. Jiang, W. Hu, Y. Liu, and D. Zhu, Monolayer organic field-effect transistors, Sci. China Chem. 62(3), 313 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-018-9411-5
|
| 97 |
L. Jiang, J. Liu, Y. Shi, D. Zhu, H. Zhang, Y. Hu, J. Yu, W. Hu, and L. Jiang, Realizing low-voltage operating crystalline monolayer organic field-effect transistors with a low contact resistance, J. Mater. Chem. C 7(12), 3436 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TC00443B
|
| 98 |
L. Jiang, J. Liu, X. Lu, L. Fu, Y. Shi, J. Zhang, X. Zhang, H. Geng, Y. Hu, H. Dong, L. Jiang, J. Yu, and W. Hu, Controllable growth of C8-BTBT single crystalline microribbon arrays by a limited solvent vapor-assisted crystallization (LSVC) method, J. Mater. Chem. C 6(10), 2419 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TC00447A
|
| 99 |
T. Uemura, C. Rolin, T. H. Ke, P. Fesenko, J. Genoe, P. Heremans, and J. Takeya, On the extraction of charge carrier mobility in high-mobility organic transistors, Adv. Mater. 28(1), 151 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201503133
|
| 100 |
Z. A. Lamport, K. J. Barth, H. Lee, E. Gann, S. Engmann, H. Chen, M. Guthold, I. McCulloch, J. E. Anthony, L. J. Richter, D. M. DeLongchamp, and O. D. Jurchescu, A simple and robust approach to reducing contact resistance in organic transistors, Nat. Commun. 9(1), 5130 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07388-3
|
| 101 |
C. Jiang, H. W. Choi, X. Cheng, H. Ma, D. Hasko, and A. Nathan, Printed subthreshold organic transistors operating at high gain and ultralow power, Science 363(6428), 719 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav7057
|
| 102 |
R. A. Sporea, M. J. Trainor, N. D. Young, J. M. Shannon, and S. R. Silva, Source-gated transistors for order-ofmagnitude performance improvements in thin-film digital circuits, Sci. Rep. 4(1), 4295 (2015)
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04295
|
| 103 |
J. Wu, C. Fan, G. Xue, T. Ye, S. Liu, R. Lin, H. Chen, H. L. Xin, R. G. Xiong, and H. Li, Interfacing solution-grown C60 and (3-Pyrrolinium)(CdCl3) single crystals for highmobility transistor-based memory devices, Adv. Mater. 27(30), 4476 (2015)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201501577
|
| 104 |
W. Li, F. Guo, H. Ling, P. Zhang, M. Yi, L. Wang, D. Wu, L. Xie, and W. Huang, High-performance nonvolatile organic field-effect transistor memory based on organic semiconductor heterostructures of pentacene/ P13/pentacene as both charge transport and trapping layers, Adv. Sci. 4(8), 1700007 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201700007
|
| 105 |
J. Liu, K. Zhou, J. Liu, J. Zhu, Y. Zhen, H. Dong, and W. Hu, Organic-single-crystal vertical field-effect transistors and phototransistors, Adv. Mater. 30(44), 1803655 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201803655
|
| 106 |
K. Pei, X. Ren, Z. Zhou, Z. Zhang, X. Ji, and P. K. L. Chan, A high-performance optical memory array based on inhomogeneity of organic semiconductors, Adv. Mater. 30(13), 1706647 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201706647
|
| 107 |
X. Wu, Y. Chu, R. Liu, H. E. Katz, and J. Huang, Pursuing polymer dielectric interfacial effect in organic transistors for photosensing performance optimization, Adv. Sci. 4(12), 1700442 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201700442
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
