Spatiotemporal nonlinear dynamics in multimode fiber laser based on carbon nanotubes

doi:10.1007/s11467-024-1399-2

Front. Phys.

2024, Vol. 19

Issue (5) : 52201 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-024-1399-2

Spatiotemporal nonlinear dynamics in multimode fiber laser based on carbon nanotubes

Jingxuan Sun¹, Yachen Wang¹, Congyu Zhang¹, Lijun Xu¹, Bo Fu^1,²(

)

¹. Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
². Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

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Abstract

We investigated 1-μm multimode fiber laser based on carbon nanotubes, where multiple typical pulse states were observed, including Q-switched, Q-switched mode-locked, and spatiotemporal mode-locked pulses. Particularly, stable spatiotemporal mode-locking was realized with a low threshold, where the pulse duration was 37 ps and the wavelength was centred at 1060.5 nm. Moreover, both the high signal to noise and long-term operation stability proved the reliability of the mode-locked laser. Furthermore, the evolution of the spatiotemporal mode-locked pulses in the cavity was also simulated and discussed. This work exhibits the flexible outputs of spatiotemporal phenomena in multimode lasers based on nanomaterials, providing more possibilities for the development of high-dimensional nonlinear dynamics.

Keywords spatiotemporal mode-locking multimode fiber saturable absorber ultrafast laser

Corresponding Author(s): Bo Fu

Issue Date: 09 April 2024

Cite this article:

Jingxuan Sun,Yachen Wang,Congyu Zhang, et al. Spatiotemporal nonlinear dynamics in multimode fiber laser based on carbon nanotubes[J]. Front. Phys. , 2024, 19(5): 52201.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/10.1007/s11467-024-1399-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/Y2024/V19/I5/52201

Fig.1 Setup of the spatiotemporal mode-locked laser at 1 μm. YDF: Ytterbium-doped fiber; PI-ISO: Polarization-insensitive isolator; OC: Output coupler; SA: Saturable absorber; PC: Polarization controller.

Fig.2 Optical properties of carbon nanotubes. (a) Linear transmittance curve of CNTs. (b) Nonlinear transmittance curve of CNTs at 1 μm.

α s

: Modulation depth; I_sat: Saturable intensity.

Fig.3 Q-switched results. (a) Spectrum. Inset: Beam profile. (b) Temporal waveform. (c) Pulse profile. (d) RF spectrum.

Fig.4 Q-switched mode-locked results. (a) Spectrum (Inset: Beam profile). (b) Temporal waveform. (c) Zoomed view of the temporal waveform. (d) RF spectrum.

Fig.5 Spatiotemporal mode-locked results. (a) Spectrum (Inset: Beam profile). (b) Temporal waveform. (c) Pulse profile. (d) RF spectrum. (e) RF spectrum under a larger span. (f) Spectra evolution versus time.

Fig.6 Results of spectral filtering and spatial sampling. (a) Optical (Inset: Beam profiles) and (b) RF spectra of spectral filtering. (c) Optical and (d) RF spectra of spatial sampling.

Fig.7 Simulated results of the spatiotemporal mode-locking. (a) Evolution of pulses in time domain with different roundtrips. (b) Evolution of the time-domain peak positions and the energy of pulses corresponding to different modes. (c) Evolution of stable pulses with different positions in the 300th roundtrip. MMF: Multimode fiber; SF: Spatial filter; SC: Spatial coupling; MMIF: Multimode interference filter; YDF: Yb-doped fiber; OC: Output coupler; SA: Saturable absorber. (d) Spectrum (Inset: Beam profile). (e) Pulse profile.

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