Sensitivity analysis of the deterioration of concrete strength in marine environment to multiple corrosive ions

doi:10.1007/s11709-021-0791-z

Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (2) : 175-190 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-021-0791-z

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Sensitivity analysis of the deterioration of concrete strength in marine environment to multiple corrosive ions

Jinwei YAO^1,², Jiankang CHEN²(

)

¹. Zhejiang Business Technology Institute, Ningbo 315012, China
². Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China

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Abstract

The corrosion degradation behavior of concrete materials plays a crucial role in the change of its mechanical properties under multi-ion interaction in the marine environment. In this study, the variation in the macro-physical and mechanical properties of concrete with corrosion time is investigated, and the source of micro-corrosion products under different salt solutions in seawater are analyzed. Regardless of the continuous hydration effect of concrete, the damage effects of various corrosive ions (Cl^–, $S O 4 2 −$ , and Mg²⁺, etc.) on the tensile and compressive strength of concrete are discussed based on measurement in different salt solutions. The sensitivity analysis method for concrete strength is used to quantitatively analyze the sensitivity of concrete strength to the effects of each ion in a multi-salt solution without considering the influence of continued hydration. The quantitative results indicate that the addition of Cl^– can weaken the corrosion effect of $S O 4 2 −$ by about 20%, while the addition of Mg²⁺ or Mg²⁺ and Cl^– can strengthen it by 10%–20% during a 600-d corrosion process.

Keywords sensitivity analysis concrete strength corrosion deterioration multi-ion interaction marine environment

Corresponding Author(s): Jiankang CHEN

Just Accepted Date: 31 December 2021 Online First Date: 22 February 2022 Issue Date: 20 April 2022

Cite this article:

Jinwei YAO,Jiankang CHEN. Sensitivity analysis of the deterioration of concrete strength in marine environment to multiple corrosive ions[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2022, 16(2): 175-190.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-021-0791-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2022/V16/I2/175

Tab.1 Chemical composition of cement (wt.%)

Fig.1 Particle size distribution of cement particles.

Tab.2 Particle distribution of reference sand

Tab.3 Particle size distribution of gravel

Tab.4 Mix design of concrete (wt.%)

Tab.5 Design of concentration of corrosive solution (wt.%)

Fig.2 Concrete failure state: (a) compressive failure; (b) tensile failure.

Fig.3 Relationship between concrete strength and corrosion time. (a)w/c = 0.50, compressive strength; (b)w/c = 0.33, compressive strength; (c)w/c = 0.50, tensile strength; (d)w/c = 0.33, tensile strength.

Fig.4 Relationship between normalized strength and corrosion time. (a)w/c = 0.50, normalized compressive strength; (b) w/c = 0.33, normalized compressive strength; (c) w/c = 0.50, normalized tensile strength; (d) w/c = 0.33, normalized tensile strength.

$η c$	normalized strength value
$η c$	5% MgSO₄ + 10% NaCl	5% Na₂SO₄ + 10% NaCl	5% MgSO₄	5% Na₂SO₄	10% NaCl	water
B₂	–2.821 × 10^–6	–1.836 × 10^–6	–2.356 × 10^–6	–2.588 × 10^–6	–1.649 × 10^–6	–1.360 × 10^–6
B₁	1.331 × 10^–3	1.436 × 10^–3	1.460 × 10^–3	1.581 × 10^–3	1.3348 × 10^–3	1.167 × 10^–3
R²	0.862	0.968	0.788	0.989	0.952	0.938

Tab.6 Parameter fitting results of compressive strength of concrete with w/c= 0.50

$η c$	normalized strength value
$η c$	5% MgSO₄ + 10% NaCl	5% Na₂SO₄ + 10% NaCl	5% MgSO₄	5% Na₂SO₄	10% NaCl	water
B₂	–2.054 × 10^–6	–2.560 × 10^–6	–2.234 × 10^–6	–3.066 × 10^–6	–1.901 × 10^–6	–0.981 × 10^–6
B₁	1.113 × 10^–3	1.932 × 10^–3	1.370 × 10^–3	1.862 × 10^–3	1.532 × 10^–3	0.925 × 10^–3
R²	0.848	0.977	0.974	0.887	0.971	0.978

Tab.7 Parameter fitting results of compressive strength of concrete with w/c= 0.33

$η t$	normalized strength value
$η t$	5% MgSO₄ + 10% NaCl	5% Na₂SO₄ + 10% NaCl	5% MgSO₄	5% Na₂SO₄	10% NaCl	water
B₂	–4.041 × 10^–6	–3.869 × 10^–6	–5.254 × 10^–6	–5.083 × 10^–6	–2.794 × 10^–6	–2.764 × 10^–6
B₁	2.590 × 10^–3	2.922 × 10^–3	3.286 × 10^–3	3.340 × 10^–3	2.130 × 10^–3	2.136 × 10^–3
R²	0.937	0.965	0.911	0.658	0.846	0.840

Tab.8 Parameter fitting results of tensile strength of concrete with w/c= 0.50

$η t$	normalized strength value
$η t$	5% MgSO₄ + 10% NaCl	5% Na₂SO₄ + 10% NaCl	5% MgSO₄	5% Na₂SO₄	10% NaCl	water
B₂	–3.017 × 10^–6	–4.482 × 10^–6	–2.400 × 10^–6	–4.486 × 10^–6	–1.778 × 10^–6	–1.628 × 10^–6
B₁	1.719 × 10^–3	2.905 × 10^–3	1.435 × 10^–3	2.546 × 10^–3	1.443 × 10^–3	1.324 × 10^–3
R²	0.833	0.933	0.973	0.938	0.836	0.891

Tab.9 Parameter fitting results of tensile strength of concrete with w/c= 0.33

Fig.5 Sensitivity analysis of each ions to the strength of concrete. (a) w/c= 0.50, sensitivity analysis of compressive strength; (b)w/c= 0.33, sensitivity analysis of compressive strength; (c) w/c= 0.50, sensitivity analysis of tensile strength; (d) w/c= 0.33, sensitivity analysis of tensile strength.

Tab.10 The transition time point between strengthening and weakening of compressive strength

Tab.11 The transition time point between strengthening and weakening of tensile strength

Fig.6 Sensitivity analysis of ions in sulfate solution to the concrete strength. (a) w/c = 0.50, sensitivity analysis of compressive strength; (b)w/c = 0.33, sensitivity analysis of compressive strength; (c) w/c = 0.50, sensitivity analysis of tensile strength; (d) w/c = 0.33, sensitivity analysis of tensile strength.

Fig.7 Snapshots of the concrete surface in different corrosion solutions (w/c= 0.50).

Fig.8 Images of concrete surfaces subjected to different corrosive solutions (w/c= 0.33).

Fig.9 White matter on concrete subjected to two corrosive solutions: (a) ML5; (b) L5.

Fig.10 XRD patterns of cement paste in different corrosive solutions.

Fig.11 XRD patterns of cement paste at different corrosion times: (a) ML; (b) SL; (c) M; (d) S; (e) L; (f) Q.

Fig.12 SEM images of concrete fragments in different solutions: (a) ML; (b) SL; (c) M; (d) S; (e) L; (f) Q.

Fig.13 Energy spectra of corrosion products. (a) ①; (b) ②; (c) ③; (d) ④; (e) ⑤; (f) ⑥ in Fig. 12.

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