Longitudinal proteomic investigation of COVID-19 vaccination

doi:10.1093/procel/pwad004

Protein Cell

2023, Vol. 14

Issue (9) : 668-682 https://doi.org/10.1093/procel/pwad004

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Longitudinal proteomic investigation of COVID-19 vaccination

Yingrui Wang^1,^2,^3,⁴, Qianru Zhu⁶, Rui Sun^1,^2,^3,⁴, Xiao Yi^1,^2,^3,⁴, Lingling Huang⁵, Yifan Hu⁵, Weigang Ge⁵, Huanhuan Gao^1,^2,^3,⁴, Xinfu Ye⁵, Yu Song⁷, Li Shao^6,⁸, Yantao Li⁵, Jie Li^9,¹⁰(

), Tiannan Guo^1,^2,^3,⁴(

), Junping Shi^6,¹¹(

)

¹. iMarker Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
². Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
³. Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China
⁴. Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
⁵. Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310024, China
⁶. Department of Translational Medicine Platform, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, China
⁷. The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
⁸. Medical college of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
⁹. Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
¹⁰. Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
¹¹. Department of Infectious and Hepatology Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, China

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Abstract

Although the development of COVID-19 vaccines has been a remarkable success, the heterogeneous individual antibody generation and decline over time are unknown and still hard to predict. In this study, blood samples were collected from 163 participants who next received two doses of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac^®) at a 28-day interval. Using TMT-based proteomics, we identified 1,715 serum and 7,342 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proteins. We proposed two sets of potential biomarkers (seven from serum, five from PBMCs) at baseline using machine learning, and predicted the individual seropositivity 57 days after vaccination (AUC = 0.87). Based on the four PBMC’s potential biomarkers, we predicted the antibody persistence until 180 days after vaccination (AUC = 0.79). Our data highlighted characteristic hematological host responses, including altered lymphocyte migration regulation, neutrophil degranulation, and humoral immune response. This study proposed potential blood-derived protein biomarkers before vaccination for predicting heterogeneous antibody generation and decline after COVID-19 vaccination, shedding light on immunization mechanisms and individual booster shot planning.

Keywords COVID-19 vaccination proteomics neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) machine learning

Corresponding Author(s): Jie Li,Tiannan Guo,Junping Shi

Issue Date: 12 October 2023

Cite this article:

Yingrui Wang,Qianru Zhu,Rui Sun, et al. Longitudinal proteomic investigation of COVID-19 vaccination[J]. Protein Cell, 2023, 14(9): 668-682.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/pac/EN/10.1093/procel/pwad004
https://academic.hep.com.cn/pac/EN/Y2023/V14/I9/668

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