Factors influencing water quality indices in a typical urban river originated with reclaimed water

doi:10.1007/s11783-017-0943-5

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2017, Vol. 11

Issue (4) : 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-017-0943-5

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Factors influencing water quality indices in a typical urban river originated with reclaimed water

Jiao Zhang, Zhen Wei, Haifeng Jia(

), Xia Huang

State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

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Abstract

Pollutants were of low concentration in a river originated with reclaimed water.

Turbidity was affected by algal contents, TOC and flow rate.

The specific growth rate of algae was affected by temperature and flow rate.

The diversity of algal community was strongly negatively correlated with TN.

The water quality in a typical urban river segment originated with reclaimed water in Beijing was monitored for two years to investigate the evolution of water quality along the river, and statistical analysis was applied to determine factors influencing water quality of such river recharged by reclaimed water. It was found that no significant change in pollutant concentrations (including COD, NH₄⁺-N, TN and TP) was observed during this time, and their average values were close to those of the original reclaimed water. However, turbidity and algal contents fluctuated temporally in the direction of river flow. Statistical analysis showed that turbidity was strongly positively correlated with algal contents for flow rate<0.1 m·s⁻¹, whereas it was strongly positively correlated with both algal contents and TOC for flow rate>0.1 m·s⁻¹. It was observed that diatom was the absolute predominant phyla with Melosira as the major species. In terms of algal bloom control, the specific growth rate of algae was strongly correlated to temperature, and was influenced by flow rate as well. Compared with two other rivers originated with reclaimed water and one originated with natural water, the Shannon–Wiener index in the objective river was the lowest, with values between 0.7 and 1.6, indicating a high risk for algal bloom. Statistics showed that Shannon–Wiener index was strongly negatively correlated to nutrient salts and cations.

Keywords Reclaimed water Urban river Turbidity Algae Flow rate

Corresponding Author(s): Haifeng Jia,Xia Huang

Issue Date: 16 May 2017

Cite this article:

Jiao Zhang,Zhen Wei,Haifeng Jia, et al. Factors influencing water quality indices in a typical urban river originated with reclaimed water[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2017, 11(4): 8.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-017-0943-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2017/V11/I4/8

Fig.1 Illustration of the objective urban river segment and sampling sections (inflow 1 and inflow 2 were from reclaimed water plants, and inflow 3 was from a river)

Fig.2 Physical properties and pollutant concentrations of water from the objective river water: (a) the average pH and DO in the two years; (b) the monthly average temperature of the river water; (c) the monthly average COD; (d) the monthly average NH₄⁺-N; (e) the monthly average TP; (f) the monthly average TN

Fig.3 Change of turbidity in the objective river in the direction of river flow in (a) 2015 and (b) 2016

Fig.4 Change in algal density, chlorophyll a and algal community in the objective river in the direction of river flow: (a) algal density in 2015, (b) algal density in 2016, (c) chlorophyll a in 2015, (d) chlorophyll a in 2016, (e) community in 2015 and (f) community in 2016

Fig.5 Correlation analysis between turbidity and (a) algal density at n<0.1 m?s^-¹, (b) algal density at n>0.1 m?s^-¹, (c) chlorophyll a at n<0.1 m?s^-¹, (d) chlorophyll a at n>0.1 m?s^-¹, (e) TOC at n<0.1 m?s^-¹, and (f) TOC at n>0.1 m?s^-¹(n refers to flow rate)

Fig.6 Correlation analysis between TOC and flow rate (n)

Fig.7 Factors influencing the specific growth rate of algae (m): (a) correlation analysis between m and temperature, and (b) change of m with flow rate (n) (the dashed lines in (b) were parabolic curves pointing out the trends)

Fig.8 Correlation between the Shannon–Wiener index (S-W index) and nutrients (including (a) TN and (b) TP) and cations (including (c) Ca, (d) Mg, (e) Si and (f) Fe)

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