Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of abused drugs and their metabolites in a typical urban river in north China

doi:10.1007/s11783-019-1140-5

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (4) : 56 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-019-1140-5

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of abused drugs and their metabolites in a typical urban river in north China

Peng Hu, Changsheng Guo, Yan Zhang, Jiapei Lv, Yuan Zhang, Jian Xu(

)

State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

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Abstract

We developed a method for determining 11 abused drugs in water and sediment.

METH and EPH were the dominant drugs in water and sediment in Beiyunhe River.

Abuse drugs in Beiyunhe River were mainly from hospitals and sewage effluents.

Abused drugs in the water would not impair the aquatic ecosystem biologically.

This study investigated the presence of 11 abused drugs and their metabolites, including amphetamine, methamphetamine (METH), ketamine, ephedrine (EPH), cocaine, benzoylecgonine, methadone, morphine, heroin, codeine, and methcathinone in the surface water and sediment samples of Beiyunhe River, a typical urban river flowing through Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei provinces in North China. An analytical method of determining these abused drugs and their metabolites in water and sediment was developed and validated prior to sample collection in the study area. Results showed that METH and EPH were predominant in water and sediment samples. The total drug concentrations ranged from 26.6 to 183.0 ng/L in water and from 2.6 to 32.4 ng/g dry weight in sediment, and the drugs mainly originated from hospitals and sewage treatment plants. The average field-based sediment water distribution coefficients of abused drugs were calculated between 149.3 and 1214.0 L/kg and corrected by organic carbon. Quotient method was used to assess the risks. The findings revealed that these drugs and their metabolites at determined concentrations in water samples will not impair the aquatic ecosystem biologically, but their potential harmful effect on the function of the ecosystem and human health should not be overlooked.

Keywords Drugs of abuse Occurrence Distribution Urban river Environmental risk

Corresponding Author(s): Jian Xu

Issue Date: 15 May 2019

Cite this article:

Peng Hu,Changsheng Guo,Yan Zhang, et al. Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of abused drugs and their metabolites in a typical urban river in north China[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2019, 13(4): 56.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-019-1140-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2019/V13/I4/56

Tab.1 Parameters for method validation

Tab.2 Frequency of detection, median, mean and concentration range of the 11 target drugs in surface water and sediment

Fig.1 (a) Concentrations of abused drugs in surface water samples; (b) Average contribution of each compound to the total drugs in water.

Fig.2 (a) Concentrations of abused drugs in sediment samples; (b) Average contribution of each compound to the total drugs in sediment.

Tab.3 Pseudo-partitioning coefficient of selected abused drugs

Fig.3 Principal component plot of abused drugs in surface water.

Fig.4 Principal component plot of sampling sites in surface water.

Tab.4 Predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) (mg/L) for green algae, cladocerans and fish

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