ROOT EXUDATES FROM CANOLA EXHIBIT BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION INHIBITION AND ARE EFFECTIVE IN INHIBITING AMMONIA OXIDATION IN SOIL

doi:10.15302/J-FASE-2021421

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 9

Issue (2) : 177-186 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021421

RESEARCH ARTICLE

ROOT EXUDATES FROM CANOLA EXHIBIT BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION INHIBITION AND ARE EFFECTIVE IN INHIBITING AMMONIA OXIDATION IN SOIL

Cathryn A. O'SULLIVAN¹(

), Elliott G. DUNCAN^2,³, Margaret M. ROPER², Alan E. RICHARDSON⁴, John A. KIRKEGAARD⁴, Mark B. PEOPLES⁴

¹. CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
². CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
³. MBS Environmental, 4 Cook Street, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
⁴. CSIRO Agriculture & Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

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Abstract

● First evidence of BNI capacity in canola.

● BNI level was higher in canola cv. Hyola 404RR than in B. humidicola, the BNI positive control.

● BNI in canola may explain increased N immobilization and mineralization rates following a canola crop which may have implications for N management in rotational farming systems that include canola.

A range of plant species produce root exudates that inhibit ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms. This biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) capacity can decrease N loss and increase N uptake from the rhizosphere. This study sought evidence for the existence and magnitude of BNI capacity in canola ( Brassica napus). Seedlings of three canola cultivars, Brachiaria humidicola (BNI positive) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum) were grown in a hydroponic system. Root exudates were collected and their inhibition of the ammonia oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosospira multiformis, was tested. Subsequent pot experiments were used to test the inhibition of native nitrifying communities in soil. Root exudates from canola significantly reduced nitrification rates of both N. multiformis cultures and native soil microbial communities. The level of nitrification inhibition across the three cultivars was similar to the well-studied high-BNI species B. humidicola. BNI capacity of canola may have implications for the N dynamics in farming systems and the N uptake efficiency of crops in rotational farming systems. By reducing nitrification rates canola crops may decrease N losses, increase plant N uptake and encourage microbial N immobilization and subsequently increase the pool of organic N that is available for mineralization during the following cereal crops.

Keywords ammonia oxidizing microorganisms biological nitrification inhibition farming rotations nitrogen cycling nitrogen use efficiency

Corresponding Author(s): Cathryn A. O'SULLIVAN

Just Accepted Date: 31 August 2021 Online First Date: 28 September 2021 Issue Date: 25 May 2022

Cite this article:

Cathryn A. O'SULLIVAN,Elliott G. DUNCAN,Margaret M. ROPER, et al. ROOT EXUDATES FROM CANOLA EXHIBIT BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION INHIBITION AND ARE EFFECTIVE IN INHIBITING AMMONIA OXIDATION IN SOIL[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2022, 9(2): 177-186.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2021421
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2022/V9/I2/177

Fig.1

NO 3 −

generation over time (a) and biological nitrification inhibition capacity of root exudates (b) of three canola cultivars (Brassica napus cvs Hyola 404RR, Hyola 555TT and Stingray TT), Brachiaria humidicola and wheat cv. Janz. Error bars show standard error of the mean of three replicates. Black bar in panel B indicates least significant difference from grouped linear regression analysis at P < 0.05. Error bars in panel A are small and often not visible because they sit behind the marker.

Fig.2

N O 3 −

generation rates (a) and biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) in soils (b) from the rhizospheres of three canola cultivars, Brachiaria humidicola and wheat cv. Janz. LSD indicates least significant difference from grouped linear regression analysis at P < 0.05. Error bars show the standard error of the mean over four replicates.

Fig.3 Conceptual diagram of the impact of BNI from a canola crop on the immobilization and mineralization of N during the course of a canola-wheat cropping sequence. (a) The mechanistic differences in soil N cycle of the two crops with size of arrows indicative of N flows. (b) Hypothesized changes in soil pools of mineral (dashed) and organic N (solid).

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