Recent advances in selective acetylene hydrogenation using palladium containing catalysts

doi:10.1007/s11705-015-1516-4

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2015, Vol. 9

Issue (2) : 142-153 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-015-1516-4

REVIEW ARTICLE

Recent advances in selective acetylene hydrogenation using palladium containing catalysts

Alan J. McCue^1,^*(

),James A. Anderson^1,^2,^*(

)

1. Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
2. Materials and Chemical Engineering Group, School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK

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Abstract

Recent advances with Pd containing catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene are described. The overview classifies enhancement of catalytic properties for monometallic and bimetallic Pd catalysts. Activity/selectivity of Pd catalysts can be modified by controlling particle shape/morphology or immobilisation on a support which interacts strongly with Pd particles. In both cases enhanced ethylene selectivity is generally associated with modifying ethylene adsorption strength and/or changes to hydride formation. Inorganic and organic selectivity modifiers (i.e., species adsorbed onto Pd particle surface) have also been shown to enhance ethylene selectivity. Inorganic modifiers such as TiO₂ change Pd ensemble size and modify ethylene adsorption strength whereas organic modifiers such as diphenylsulfide are thought to create a surface template effect which favours acetylene adsorption with respect to ethylene. A number of metals and synthetic approaches have been explored to prepare Pd bimetallic catalysts. Examples where enhanced selectivity is observed are generally associated with decreased Pd ensemble size and/or hindering of the ease with which an unselective hydride phase is formed for Pd. A final class of bimetallic catalysts are discussed where Pd is not thought to be the primary reaction site but merely acts as a site where hydrogen dissociation and spillover occurs onto a second metal (Cu or Au) where the reaction takes place more selectively.

Keywords acetylene ethylene selective hydrogenation palladium bimetallic

Corresponding Author(s): Alan J. McCue,James A. Anderson

Online First Date: 23 June 2015 Issue Date: 14 July 2015

Cite this article:

Alan J. McCue,James A. Anderson. Recent advances in selective acetylene hydrogenation using palladium containing catalysts[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2015, 9(2): 142-153.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-015-1516-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2015/V9/I2/142

Fig.1 Reaction network for acetylene hydrogenation

Tab.1 Typical feed compositions and reactor conditions for front-end and back-end hydrogenation reactors

Fig.2 Product selectivity (bars, left hand Y-axis) and turnover frequency (line, right hand Y-axis) for different Pd particle shapes. Conditions: 13% conversion and 393 K. ‘Pd_cub’ denotes cubic shape, ‘Pd_co’ denotes cuboctahrdal shape and ‘Pd_oct’ denotes octahedral shape. Reproduced from reference [29] with kind permission from Springer Science and Business Media

Fig.3 Particle size distribution (LHS) and excess ethylene versus acetylene conversion (RHS) for Pd catalysts immobilised on carbon, magnesia and alumina supports (see legend inset). Reproduced with permission from Elsevier [33]

Fig.4 Ethylene selectivity versus acetylene conversion over Pd/Fibreglass catalyst. Outer graph: 330 K, GHSV= 1570?9000 h^?1. Inset: 350 K, GHSV= 2210?2840 h^?1. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier [36]

Fig.5 Ethylene selectivity versus acetylene conversion for Pd/SiO₂ catalyst treated with various inorganic selectivity modifiers. Legend inset: (a) Pd/SiO₂ reduced at 573 K, (b) Pd/SiO₂ reduced at 773 K, (c) Pd/SiO₂ + Ti reduced at 573 K, (d) Pd/SiO₂ + Ti reduced at 773 K, (e) Pd/SiO₂ + La reduced at 573 K, (f) Pd/SiO₂ + La reduced at 773 K, (g) Pd/SiO₂ + Nb reduced at 573 K and (h) Pd/SiO₂ + Ni reduced at 773 K. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier [41]

Fig.6 Hydrogenation rate of acetylene (black) and ethylene (green) from non-competitive reactions at 323 K. (1) Pd/TiO₂, (2) Pd/TiO₂ with 3 ppm CO in the fed, (3) Pd/TiO₂ + diphenylsulfide reduced at 323 K, (4) Pd/TiO₂ + diphenylsulfide reduced at 393 K and (5) Pd/TiO₂ + triphenylphosphine reduced at 393 K. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier [46] and Royal Society of Chemistry [50]

Fig.7 Temperature programmed reduction profiles for (a) Pd/TiO₂ and (b) Pd/TiO₂ + diphenylsulfide. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier [46]

Fig.8 Conversion (black circles) and ethylene selectivity (red triangles) versus Ag surface coverage on Pd (LHS) and Au surface coverage on Pd (RHS). Reproduced with permission from Elsevier [52]

Fig.9 H₂ desorption from Cu (111) surface with various amounts of Pd deposited ontop (scale on RHS). Reproduced from reference [61] with permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig.10 (a) Acetylene conversion and (b) Product selectivity (yellow= ethylene, cyan= ethane, pink= oligomers) over CuPd/Al₂O₃ catalysts (number denotes Cu : Pd atomic ratio). Conditions: 0.6% acetylene, 1.8% H₂, balance N₂, 373 K. Reproduced from reference [62]

Fig.11 (a) acetylene conversion and (b) ethylene selectivity over Au/SiO₂ and Pd doped Au/SiO₂ catalysts (see legend inset). Reproduced from reference [65] with permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry

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