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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering

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Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.    2021, Vol. 15 Issue (3) : 493-504    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-020-1967-0
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Efficient CO2 adsorption and mechanism on nitrogen-doped porous carbons
Yanxia Wang1, Xiude Hu1, Tuo Guo2, Jian Hao1, Chongdian Si1, Qingjie Guo1()
1. State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
2. College of Arts and Sciences, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI 49307, USA
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Abstract

In this work, nitrogen-doped porous carbons (NACs) were fabricated as an adsorbent by urea modification and KOH activation. The CO2 adsorption mechanism for the NACs was then explored. The NACs are found to present a large specific surface area (1920.72– 3078.99 m2·g−1) and high micropore percentage (61.60%–76.23%). Under a pressure of 1 bar, sample NAC-650-650 shows the highest CO2 adsorption capacity up to 5.96 and 3.92 mmol·g−1 at 0 and 25 °C, respectively. In addition, the CO2/N2 selectivity of NAC-650-650 is 79.93, much higher than the value of 49.77 obtained for the nonnitrogen-doped carbon AC-650-650. The CO2 adsorption capacity of the NAC-650-650 sample maintains over 97% after ten cycles. Analysis of the results show that the CO2 capacity of the NACs has a linear correlation (R2 = 0.9633) with the cumulative pore volume for a pore size less than 1.02 nm. The presence of nitrogen and oxygen enhances the CO2/N2 selectivity, and pyrrole-N and hydroxy groups contribute more to the CO2 adsorption. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis indicates that CO2 is adsorbed onto the NACs as a gas. Furthermore, the physical adsorption mechanism is confirmed by adsorption kinetic models and the isosteric heat, and it is found to be controlled by CO2 diffusion. The CO2 adsorption kinetics for NACs at room temperature and in pure CO2 is in accordance with the pseudo-first-order model and Avramís fractional-order kinetic model.
Keywords porous carbon      CO2 adsorption      nitrogen-doped      adsorption mechanism      kinetics     
Corresponding Author(s): Qingjie Guo   
Online First Date: 18 September 2020    Issue Date: 10 May 2021
 Cite this article:   
Yanxia Wang,Xiude Hu,Tuo Guo, et al. Efficient CO2 adsorption and mechanism on nitrogen-doped porous carbons[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(3): 493-504.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-020-1967-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2021/V15/I3/493
Fig.1  SEM images of (a) coal, (b) NC-650, (c) NAC-500-650 and (d) NAC-650-650.
Fig.2  Pore size distribution curves of NACs.
Samples SBETa)
/(m2·g−1)		 Vtotalb)
/(cm3·g−1)		 Vtc)/(cm3·g−1) Micropore percentaged)/% N/wt-% O/wt-% CO2 capacity/(mmol·g−1)
Coal 4.92 – – – 1.47 9.03 0.43
NAC-500-650 3078.99 1.58 1.06 67.13 1.27 6.07 1.97
NAC-500-700 2812.26 1.36 1.01 73.79 1.55 6.74 2.00
NAC-500-800 3062.28 1.56 1.03 66.03 1.70 7.49 1.81
NAC-600-650 2556.32 1.26 0.91 72.18 1.63 6.07 1.96
NAC-600-700 2829.01 1.36 1.03 76.23 1.58 7.02 2.07
NAC-600-800 2700.62 1.38 0.92 66.69 1.41 7.95 1.75
NAC-650-650 2020.74 0.96 0.70 72.92 1.30 9.89 2.68
NAC-650-700 1920.72 0.89 0.67 75.28 1.62 7.71 2.62
NAC-650-800 2318.75 1.25 0.77 61.60 1.68 5.53 2.27
NAC-700-700 2716.18 1.30 0.93 71.87 1.24 5.87 2.33
NAC-700-800 2633.38 1.31 0.93 71.06 1.62 7.35 2.00
AC-650-650 2403.64 1.10 0.86 78.18 1.06 7.24 2.02
ACN-650-650 1763.49 0.93 0.57 61.29 3.30 10.00 2.11
Tab.1  Porous texture properties, elemental analysis, and CO2 capacity of samples
Fig.3  (a) XPS survey spectra and (b) C 1s, (c) N 1s, and (d) O 1s of NAC-650-650.
Fig.4  (a) The CO2 and N2 capacity and (b) cyclic adsorption property of NACs at 25 °C.
Sorbents Adsorption temperature/°C CO2 capacity/(mmol·g−1) CO2/N2
selectivity		 Regenerability
(cycles, loss)		 Ref.
CPTHB 25 4.00 22 – [32]
NDPC-30% 0 6.14 14.9 – [33]
NDPC-10% 0 6.11 20.2 – [33]
NC-650-3 25 4.80 19 5, 2.50% [27]
CN-600-3 0 5.12 – – [28]
CN-600-3 25 3.71 13 5, 3.60% [28]
NAC 25 3.96 47.17 – [30]
PAC 25 5.78 144 10, – [31]
UFA-3-700 30 1.40 – 4, – [24]
CSGA-K2 30 4.23 – 20, – [46]
NPC 0 5.45 42.6 6, – [48]
aPCTP-3c 0 6.46 23.7 – [49]
NAC-650-650 0 5.96 – – This work
25 3.92 79.93 10, 2.61% This work
NAC-650-700 0 5.64 – – This work
25 3.46 78.14 10, 2.29% This work
Tab.2  Comparison of the CO2 adsorption performance between reported N-doped carbons
Fig.5  The fitting of the kinetic models to the experimental adsorption data of (a) NAC-650-650 and (b) NAC-650-700.
Fig.6  (a) CO2 adsorption isotherms and (b) isosteric heat of NAC-650-650 and NAC-650-700.
Fig.7  (a) The relationship of CO2 adsorption capacity with micropore percentage and the linear relationship between cumulative pore volume ((b) d<1.02 nm, (c) d<0.86 nm, (d) d<0.60 nm) and CO2 adsorption capacity at 25 °C and 1 bar.
Samples N-6 percentage/% N-5 percentage/% N-Q percentage/% CO2 capacity/(mmol·g−1)
NAC-500-700 36.14 63.16 0.71 2.00
NAC-600-650 49.89 31.76 18.36 1.96
NAC-650-650 39.45 42.22 18.32 2.68
NAC-650-700 19.58 59.78 20.64 2.62
NAC-700-700 0.02 54.62 45.36 2.33
NAC-700-800 42.19 36.94 20.87 2.00
Tab.3  The relationship of N-containing groups and CO2 adsorption capacity
Samples −OH percentage/% −COC− percentage/% −COOH percentage/% CO2 capacity/(mmol·g−1)
NAC-500-700 30.57 40.60 28.83 2.00
NAC-600-650 21.90 43.39 34.71 1.96
NAC-650-650 46.05 22.34 31.60 2.68
NAC-650-700 44.27 34.82 20.90 2.62
NAC-700-700 43.93 35.18 20.89 2.33
NAC-700-800 42.17 34.63 23.19 2.00
Tab.4  The relationship between O-containing groups and CO2 adsorption capacity
Fig.8  2D waterfall IR absorbance spectra and in situ FTIR difference spectra of CO2 adsorption.
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