Removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solutions and wastewater by walnut shells: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics studies

doi:10.1007/s11705-013-1358-x

Front Chem Sci Eng

2013, Vol. 7

Issue (4) : 428-436 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-013-1358-x

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solutions and wastewater by walnut shells: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics studies

Jasmin Shah(

), M. Rasul Jan, Attaul Haq, Younas Khan

Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar Pakistan

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Abstract

An adsorption study of Rhodamine B (RB) dye from aqueous solutions was carried out using walnut shells pretreated by different methods. In addition to the effects of the pretreatment, the effects of various parameters like pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature on the adsorption of RB was studied. The adsorption process was highly pH dependent and a maximum adsorption was achieved at pH 3.0. The best fit for the rates of dye adsorption was a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with good correlation coefficients (R²>0.99). Langmuir isotherms were used to determine that the maximum loading capacity of the different walnut shells and the RB capacities ranged from 1.451–2.292 mg·g^-1. The dye adsorption was also evaluated thermodynamically. Positive standard enthalpy (?H°) values were obtained indicating that the RB adsorption process is endothermic as well as ?G° and ?S° values showed that adsorption process is spontaneous with an increased randomness at the solid-liquid interface. Desorption studies were carried out to explore the feasibility of regenerating the used walnut shells and it was found that 97.71%–99.17% of the retained RB was recovered with 0.1 mol?L^-1 NaOH solution. The walnut shells were also successfully used to remove RB from industrial effluents.

Keywords Rhodamine B walnut shell adsorption kinetics isotherms regeneration

Corresponding Author(s): Shah Jasmin,Email:jasminshah2001@yahoo.com

Issue Date: 05 December 2013

Cite this article:

M. Rasul Jan,Attaul Haq,Younas Khan, et al. Removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solutions and wastewater by walnut shells: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics studies[J]. Front Chem Sci Eng, 2013, 7(4): 428-436.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-013-1358-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2013/V7/I4/428

Fig.1 Chemical structure of Rhodamine B

Fig.2 The effect of pH on RB adsorption (initial RB concentration 10 μg·mL, pH 2-8, contact time 30 min, adsorbent dose 0.05 g, volume of RB solution 50 mL)

Fig.3 The effect of adsorbent dose on RB adsorption (initial RB concentration 10 μg·mL, pH 3.0, contact time 30 min, adsorbent dose 0.01-0.07 g, volume of RB solution 50 mL)

Fig.4 The effect of contact time on RB adsorption (initial RB concentration 10 μg·mL, pH 3, contact time 20-120 min, adsorbent dose 0.05 g, volume of RB solution 50 mL)

Fig.5 Kinetic models of RB uptake (adsorbent dose 0.05 g, initial RB concentration 10 μg·mL, volume of RB solution 50 mL, pH 3.0)

Tab.1 Kinetic parameter for RB adsorption on WS1, WS2 and WS3

Fig.6 Freundlich isotherms for RB adsorption (initial RB concentration 10-60 μg·mL, pH 3.0, adsorbent dose 0.05 g, contact time 80 min, room temperature)

Fig.7 Langmuir isotherms for RB adsorption (initial RB concentration 10-60 μg·mL, pH 3.0, adsorbent dose 0.05 g, contact time 80 min, room temperature)

Tab.2 Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm parameters for RB adsorption on WS1, WS2 and WS3

Fig.8 Plots of ln versus 1/ for the estimation of the thermodynamic parameters for RB adsorption (Initial RB concentration 10 μg·mL, pH 3.0, adsorbent dose 0.05 g, volume of RB solution 50 mL)

Tab.3 Thermodynamic parameters for RB adsorption on WS1, WS2 and WS3

Tab.4 Desorption of RB from loaded WS using 0.1 M NaOH

Tab.5 Determination of RB in various samples

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