Simultaneous harvesting and cell disruption of microalgae using ozone bubbles: optimization and characterization study for biodiesel production

doi:10.1007/s11705-020-2015-9

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (5) : 1257-1268 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-020-2015-9

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Simultaneous harvesting and cell disruption of microalgae using ozone bubbles: optimization and characterization study for biodiesel production

Wan N. A. Kadir^1,², Man K. Lam^1,²(

), Yoshimitsu Uemura^2,³, Jun W. Lim^2,⁴, Peck L. Kiew⁵, Steven Lim⁶, Siti S. Rosli^2,⁴, Chung Y. Wong^2,⁴, Pau L. Show⁷, Keat T. Lee⁸

¹. Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
². HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
³. NPO Kuramae Bioenergy, Tokyo 108-0023, Japan
⁴. Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
⁵. Faculty of Engineering, Technology & Built Environment, University College Sedaya International, Cheras Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
⁶. Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
⁷. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
⁸. School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia

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Abstract

In the present study, ozone was introduced as an alternative approach to harvest and disrupt microalgae cells (Chlorella vulgaris) simultaneously for biodiesel production. At the optimum ozonation conditions (6.14 g·h^–1 ozone concentration, 30 min ozonation time, 1 L·min^–1 of ozone flowrate at medium pH of 10 and temperature of 30 °C), the sedimentation efficiency of microalgae cells increased significantly from 12.56% to 68.62%. It was observed that the microalgae cells aggregated to form flocs after pre-treated with ozone due to the increment of surface charge from –20 to –6.59 mV. Besides, ozone had successfully disrupted the microalgae cells and resulted in efficient lipid extraction, which was 1.9 times higher than the control sample. The extracted microalgae lipid was mainly consisted of methyl palmitate (C16:0), methyl oleate (C18:1) and methyl linolenate (C18:3), making it suitable for biodiesel production. Finally, utilization of recycled culture media after ozonation pre-treatment showed robust growth of microalgae, in which the biomass yield was maintained in the range of 0.796 to 0.879 g·h^–1 for 5 cycles of cultivation.

Keywords microalgae biodiesel ozonation pre-treatment lipid

Corresponding Author(s): Man K. Lam

Just Accepted Date: 13 January 2021 Online First Date: 11 February 2021 Issue Date: 30 August 2021

Cite this article:

Wan N. A. Kadir,Man K. Lam,Yoshimitsu Uemura, et al. Simultaneous harvesting and cell disruption of microalgae using ozone bubbles: optimization and characterization study for biodiesel production[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(5): 1257-1268.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-020-2015-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2021/V15/I5/1257

Fig.1 Effect of different ozone output concentrations on the overall sedimentation efficiency of C. vulgaris after 3 h. Error bars represent standard deviation.

Fig.2 Microalgae cell disruption through ozonolysis method.

Fig.3 Effect of different ozone output concentrations on lipid yield. Error bars represent standard deviation.

Fig.4 Effect of different ozonation times on the overall sedimentation efficiency of C. vulgaris after 3 h. Error bars represent standard deviation (The conditions of C. vulgaris samples were fixed at pH of 7 and at temperature of 24 °C. The ozone flowrate and ozone output concentration were also fixed at 8 L·min^–1 and 100% (6.14 g·h^–1), respectively).

Fig.5 Effect of different ozone output flowrates on the overall sedimentation efficiency of C. vulgaris after 3 h. Error bars represent standard deviation (the conditions of C. vulgaris samples were fixed at pH of 7 and at temperature of 24 °C. The ozone output concentration was also fixed at 100% (6.14 g·h^–1) for 30 min).

Fig.6 Effect of different pH in samples on the overall sedimentation efficiency of C. vulgaris after 3 h. Error bars represent standard deviation (the ozone output concentration and ozone flowrate were fixed at 100% (6.14 g·h^–1) and 1 L·min^–1, respectively).

Fig.7 Effect of different sample temperatures on the overall sedimentation efficiency of C. vulgaris after 3 h. Error bars represent standard deviation (ozone output concentration and ozone flowrate was fixed at 100% (6.14 g·h^–1) and 1 L·min^–1, respectively for 30 min. The pH of C. vulgaris was kept constant at 10).

Fig.8 Sedimentation curves of C. vulgaris for 16 h.

Fig.9 SEM images of C. vulgaris: (a) control without ozonation; (b) with ozonation at optimum conditions.

Tab.1 Elemental analysis of C. vulgaris

Tab.2 FAME profile of? C. vulgaris

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