Utilization of waste vanadium-bearing resources in the preparation of rare-earth vanadate catalysts for semi-hydrogenation of <i>α</i>,<i>β</i>-unsaturated aldehydes

doi:10.1007/s11705-022-2191-x

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (12) : 1793-1806 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-022-2191-x

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Utilization of waste vanadium-bearing resources in the preparation of rare-earth vanadate catalysts for semi-hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes

Yang Zhang¹, Guowu Zhan¹(

), Yibo Song¹, Yiping Liu¹, Jiale Huang³, Shu-Feng Zhou¹(

), Kok Bing Tan¹, Qingbiao Li^2,³(

)

¹. College of Chemical Engineering, Integrated Nanocatalysts Institute (INCI), Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
². College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
³. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China

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Abstract

Recycling industrial solid waste not only saves resources but also eliminates environmental concerns of toxic threats. Herein, we proposed a new strategy for the utilization of petrochemical-derived carbon black waste, a waste vanadium-bearing resource (V > 30000 ppm (10 ⁻⁶)). Chemical leaching was employed to extract metallic vanadium from the waste and the leachate containing V was used as an alternative raw material for the fabrication of vanadate nanomaterials. Through the screening of various metal cations, it was found that the contaminated Na⁺ during the leaching process showed strong competitive coordination with the vanadium ions. However, by adding foreign Ce³⁺ and Y³⁺ cations, two rare-earth vanadates, viz., flower-like CeVO₄ and spherical YVO₄ nanomaterials, were successfully synthesized. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and N₂ physisorption were applied to analyze the physicochemical properties of the waste-derived nanomaterials. Importantly, we found that rare-earth vanadate catalysts exhibited good activities toward the semi-hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The conversion of cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic alcohol selectivity were even higher than those of the common CeVO₄ prepared using pure chemicals (67.2% vs. 27.7% and 88.4% vs. 53.5%). Our work provides a valuable new reference for preparing vanadate catalysts by the use of abundant vanadium-bearing waste resources.

Keywords petrochemical solid wastes vanadium recovery resource utilization nanomaterials semi-hydrogenation

Corresponding Author(s): Guowu Zhan,Shu-Feng Zhou,Qingbiao Li

Online First Date: 28 September 2022 Issue Date: 19 December 2022

Cite this article:

Yang Zhang,Guowu Zhan,Yibo Song, et al. Utilization of waste vanadium-bearing resources in the preparation of rare-earth vanadate catalysts for semi-hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(12): 1793-1806.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-022-2191-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2022/V16/I12/1793

Scheme1 The schematic illustration of the preparation routes of rare-earth vanadates from a vanadium-bearing waste and the catalytic application for semi-hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamic alcohol (COL).

Fig.1 Representative SEM images of (a) CB-O, (b) CB-B, (c) CB-A, and TEM images of (d) CB-O, (e) CB-B, (f) CB-A samples.

Fig.2 TGA profiles of CB-O, CB-B, and CB-A in (a) air and (b) N₂ atmospheres.

Fig.3 Viability of HUVEC cells in different concentrations of waste samples, (a) solid samples of (A) CB-O, (B) CB-B, (C) CB-A, and (b) leachate solutions of (D) CB-O, (E) CB-B, (F) CB-A. All data were conducted through four independent parallel experiments. The data points in the figures were expressed as the average value with a standard deviation.

Fig.4 Representative SEM images of vanadium-containing products by adding different amounts of Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O: (a) control experiment without CTAC, (b) 0 g, (c) 0.05 g, (d) 0.075 g, (e) 0.1 g, and (f) XRD patterns of corresponding products.

Fig.5 (a) SEM images, and (b) XRD patterns of the products obtained by introducing different types of metal cations (e.g., Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, or In³⁺) into the alkaline leachate solutions.

Fig.6 Characterizations of CeVO₄ sample, (a, b) SEM images, (c, d) TEM images, (e) high-resolution TEM image, and (f) the corresponding EDX elemental maps.

Fig.7 (a, b) XRD patterns and (c, d) FTIR spectra of the synthesized CeVO₄ and YVO₄ samples.

Fig.8 Characterizations of YVO₄. (a, b) SEM images, (c, d) TEM images, (e) high-resolution TEM image, and (f) the corresponding EDX elemental maps.

Tab.1 Textural properties of CeVO₄ and YVO₄ samples

Fig.9 (a) N₂ physisorption isotherms, (b) the corresponding pore size distributions (based on the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method), and (c, d) TGA profiles in air and N₂ atmospheres of CeVO₄ and YVO₄ samples.

Fig.10 XPS spectra in the V 2p region of (a) CB-O, (b) Cu₃(OH)₂V₂O₇·2H₂O, (c) HNaV₆O₁₆·4H₂O, (d) CeVO₄, and (e) YVO₄, (f) Ce 3d XPS spectra of CeVO₄, (g) Y 3d XPS spectra of YVO₄, and (h, i) O 1s XPS spectra of rare-earth vanadates.

Scheme2 Reaction pathway for the hydrogenation of CAL to COL, HCAL, and HCOL products.

Fig.11 Catalytic performance of rare-earth vanadates for the chemoselective hydrogenation of CAL under different conditions: (a) the effect of the amount of CeVO₄ catalyst, (b) the effect of the reaction temperature, (c) the effect of the H₂ pressure, and (d) comparison of catalytic performance with YVO₄ and c-CeVO₄ catalysts.

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