Multi-effect anthraquinone-based polyimide enclosed SnO<sub>2</sub>/reduced graphene oxide composite as high-performance anode for lithium-ion battery

doi:10.1007/s11705-023-2306-z

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (9) : 1231-1243 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-023-2306-z

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Multi-effect anthraquinone-based polyimide enclosed SnO₂/reduced graphene oxide composite as high-performance anode for lithium-ion battery

Lin Wang¹, Yinjie Kuang¹(

), Qian Cui¹, Junyu Shi¹, Liubin Song¹(

), Qionghua Li¹, Tianjian Peng²

¹. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
². Guizhou Dalong Huicheng New Material Co., Ltd., Tongren 554000, China

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Abstract

The cycling stability of SnO₂ anode as lithium-ion battery is poor due to volume expansion. Polyimide coatings can effectively confine the expansion of SnO₂. However, linear polyimides are easily dissolved in ester electrolytes and their carbonyls is not fully utilized during charging/discharging process. Herein, the SnO₂ enclosed with anthraquinone-based polyimide/reduced graphene oxide composite was prepared by self-assembly. Carbonyls from the anthraquinone unit provide fully available active sites to react with Li⁺, improving the utilization of carbonyl in the polyimide. More exposed carbonyl active sites promote the conversion of Sn to SnO₂ with electrode gradual activation, leading to an increase in reversible capacity during the charge/discharge cycle. In addition, the introduction of reduced graphene oxide cannot only improve the stability of polyimide in the electrolyte, but also build fast ion and electron transport channels for composite electrodes. Due to the multiple effects of anthraquinone-based polyimide and the synergistic effect of reducing graphene oxide, the composite anode exhibits a maximum reversible capacity of 1266 mAh·g⁻¹ at 0.25 A·g⁻¹, and maintains an excellent specific capacity of 983 mAh·g⁻¹ after 200 cycles. This work provides a new strategy for the synergistic modification of SnO₂.

Keywords anthraquinone-based polyimide multi-effect tin dioxide reduced graphene oxide lithium-ion battery

Corresponding Author(s): Yinjie Kuang,Liubin Song

About author:

^* These authors contributed equally to this work.

Online First Date: 04 May 2023 Issue Date: 29 August 2023

Cite this article:

Lin Wang,Yinjie Kuang,Qian Cui, et al. Multi-effect anthraquinone-based polyimide enclosed SnO₂/reduced graphene oxide composite as high-performance anode for lithium-ion battery[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(9): 1231-1243.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-023-2306-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2023/V17/I9/1231

Fig.1 Synthesis process of SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO.

Fig.2 (a, b) SEM images of SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO and (c) EDX elemental mapping images of SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO; (d, e) TEM and HRTEM images of SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO.

Fig.3 (a) XRD patterns of the bare SnO₂, SnO₂@BPAQ and SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO; (b) FTIR spectrums of the BPAQ, bare SnO₂, SnO₂@BPAQ and SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO; (c) TGA curves of the SnO₂@BPAQ and SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO.

Fig.4 (a) XPS survey scan of SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO; high-resolution spectrum of (b) C 1s, (c) N 1s, (d) O 1s and (e) Sn 3d for the as-prepared SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO.

Fig.5 (a) First charge/discharge curves of SnO₂, SnO₂@BPAQ, SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO, and CMC-SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO at 0.25 A·g^–1; (b) second cycle CV curves of SnO₂, SnO₂@BPAQ, SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO, and CMC-SnO₂@BPA/rGO at a scan rate of 0.1 mV·s^–1.

Fig.6 (a) Cycling stability of bare SnO₂, SnO₂@BPAQ, SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO, and CMC-SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO at 0.25 A·g^?1; (b) charge–discharge curves of CMC-SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO at 0.25 A·g^–1 current density; (c) rate performances; (d) cycling performance of CMC-SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO at 1.0 A·g^–1.

Tab.1 Capacity contributed by different potential intervals in the charging curves

Tab.2 The values of R_s, R_ct and σ calculated from the Nyquist plots of bare SnO₂, SnO₂@BPAQ, SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO, and CMC-SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO after the 1st cycle at a current density of 0.25 A·g^–1

Fig.7 (a) Nyquist plots bare SnO₂, SnO₂@BPAQ, SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO, and CMC-SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO after 1 cycle; (b) real part of complex impedance vs. ω^?0.5 (where ω is the angular frequency) of bare SnO₂, SnO₂@BPAQ, SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO, and CMC-SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO electrodes; (c) Nyquist plots at different cycle counts of CMC-SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO; (d) the relationship between Z' and ω^?0.5 of CMC-SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO at different number of cycles.

Tab.3 The values of R_s, R_ct and σ calculated from the Nyquist plots with different cycle counts of CMC-SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO at a current density of 1.0 A·g^–1

Fig.8 (a, b) TEM images of SnO₂ and CMC-SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO after 200 cycles of 0.25 A·g^?1; (c) schematic illustration of the change of CMC-SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO electrode upon lithiation.

Tab.4 The comparison of CMC-SnO₂@BPAQ/rGO with the reported SnO₂/Polymers based anode materials

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