Preparation of biomass-derived carbon loaded with MnO<sub>2</sub> as lithium-ion battery anode for improving its reversible capacity and cycling performance

doi:10.1007/s11705-023-2376-y

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (1) : 10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-023-2376-y

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Preparation of biomass-derived carbon loaded with MnO₂ as lithium-ion battery anode for improving its reversible capacity and cycling performance

Likai Zhu¹, Huaping Lin¹, Wenli Zhang², Qinhui Wang³, Yefeng Zhou¹(

)

¹. National & Local United Engineering Research Centre for Chemical Process Simulation and Intensification, Chemical Process Simulation and Optimization Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411100, China
². Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
³. State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

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Abstract

Biomass-derived carbon materials for lithium-ion batteries emerge as one of the most promising anodes from sustainable perspective. However, improving the reversible capacity and cycling performance remains a long-standing challenge. By combining the benefits of K₂CO₃ activation and KMnO₄ hydrothermal treatment, this work proposes a two-step activation method to load MnO₂ charge transfer onto biomass-derived carbon (KAC@MnO₂). Comprehensive analysis reveals that KAC@MnO₂ has a micro-mesoporous coexistence structure and uniform surface distribution of MnO₂, thus providing an improved electrochemical performance. Specifically, KAC@MnO₂ exhibits an initial charge-discharge capacity of 847.3/1813.2 mAh·g^–1 at 0.2 A·g^–1, which is significantly higher than that of direct pyrolysis carbon and K₂CO₃ activated carbon, respectively. Furthermore, the KAC@MnO₂ maintains a reversible capacity of 652.6 mAh·g^–1 after 100 cycles. Even at a high current density of 1.0 A·g^–1, KAC@MnO₂ still exhibits excellent long-term cycling stability and maintains a stable reversible capacity of 306.7 mAh·g^–1 after 500 cycles. Compared with reported biochar anode materials, the KAC@MnO₂ prepared in this work shows superior reversible capacity and cycling performance. Additionally, the Li⁺ insertion and de-insertion mechanisms are verified by ex situ X-ray diffraction analysis during the charge-discharge process, helping us better understand the energy storage mechanism of KAC@MnO₂.

Keywords biomass-derived carbon MnO₂ lithium-ion batteries anode material high reversible capacity

Corresponding Author(s): Yefeng Zhou

Just Accepted Date: 01 November 2023 Issue Date: 27 December 2023

Cite this article:

Likai Zhu,Huaping Lin,Wenli Zhang, et al. Preparation of biomass-derived carbon loaded with MnO₂ as lithium-ion battery anode for improving its reversible capacity and cycling performance[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(1): 10.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-023-2376-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2024/V18/I1/10

Tab.1 Chemical composition of the Camellia oleifera shells

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of material synthesis.

Fig.2 Three different types of treated carbon materials: (a) XRD patterns and (b) Raman spectra.

Tab.2 Porosity parameters and elemental composition of BC, KAC and KAC@MnO₂

Fig.3 XPS analysis curves for three different types of treated carbon materials: (a) XPS scores for BC, KAC, and KAC@MnO₂ samples, (b) C 1s, (c) O 1s and (d) Mn 2p spectrum for KAC@MnO₂ sample.

Fig.4 Three different types of treated carbon materials: (a) N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms, (b) pore diameter distribution.

Fig.5 SEM images of three different types of treated carbon materials and TEM images of KAC@MnO₂: (a) BC, (b) KAC, (c) KAC@MnO₂, (d–f) TEM images of KAC@MnO₂, where (f) shows a magnified image of the strip structure.

Fig.6 Electrochemical properties of three different types of treated carbon materials: (a–c) charge-discharge curves for BC, KAC and KAC@MnO₂, and (d–f) CV curves for BC, KAC and KAC@MnO₂.

Fig.7 Charge-discharge cycling performance for three different types of treated carbon materials: (a) at 0.2 A·g^–1 after 100 cycles, (b) rate performance at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 A·g^–1 and back to 0.2 A·g^–1, (c) at 1.0 A·g^–1 after 500 cycles, and (d) EIS profiles in a frequency range of 0.01 to 100 kHz.

Tab.3 Comparison of the electrochemical performance of the prepared KAC@MnO₂ with previously reported different carbon/MnO₂ composite anode materials for use in LIB

Fig.8 Field emission-SEM images of the KAC@MnO₂ electrode: (a) planes and (b) cross-sections before cycling, (c) planes and (d) cross-sections after 500 cycles at 1.0 A·g^–1.

Fig.9 KAC@MnO₂ electrode: (a) first charge-discharge curve, (b) ex situ XRD patterns at various potentials during the charge-discharge process.

Fig.10 KAC@MnO₂ the formation of materials and the mechanism of energy storage.

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