Microbial community and functional genes in the rhizosphere of alfalfa in crude oil-contaminated soil

doi:10.1007/s11783-012-0405-z

Front Envir Sci Eng

2012, Vol. 6

Issue (6) : 797-805 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-012-0405-z

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Microbial community and functional genes in the rhizosphere of alfalfa in crude oil-contaminated soil

Yi ZHONG^1,2, Jian WANG^1,2, Yizhi SONG^1,2, Yuting LIANG^1,2, Guanghe LI^1,2(

)

1. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 2. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

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Abstract

A rhizobox system constructed with crude oil-contaminated soil was vegetated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to evaluate the rhizosphere effects on the soil microbial population and functional structure, and to explore the potential mechanisms by which plants enhance the removal of crude oil in soil. During the 80-day experiment, 31.6% of oil was removed from the adjacent rhizosphere (AR); this value was 27% and 53% higher than the percentage of oil removed from the far rhizosphere (FR) and from the non-rhizosphere (NR), respectively. The populations of heterotrophic bacteria and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were higher in the AR and FR than in the NR. However, the removal rate of crude oil was positively correlated with the proportion of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere. In total, 796, 731, and 379 functional genes were detected by microarray in the AR, FR, and NR, respectively. Higher proportions of functional genes related to carbon degradation and organic remediation, were found in rhizosphere soil compared with NR soil, suggesting that the rhizosphere selectively increased the abundance of these specific functional genes. The increase in water-holding capacity and decrease in pH as well as salinity of the soil all followed the order of AR>FR>NR. Canonical component analysis showed that salinity was the most important environmental factor influencing the microbial functional structure in the rhizosphere and that salinity was negatively correlated with the abundance of carbon and organic degradation genes.

Keywords crude oil-contaminated soil phytoremediation rhizosphere effects rhizobox functional genes

Corresponding Author(s): LI Guanghe,Email:ligh@tsinghua.edu.cn

Issue Date: 01 December 2012

Cite this article:

Yi ZHONG,Jian WANG,Yizhi SONG, et al. Microbial community and functional genes in the rhizosphere of alfalfa in crude oil-contaminated soil[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2012, 6(6): 797-805.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-012-0405-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2012/V6/I6/797

Fig.1 Diagram of the rhizobox system

Tab.1 Characteristics of the soil samples

Fig.2 Changes in oil content of the soil and root biomass in the rhizobox

Fig.3 Dynamic changes in populations of the heterotrophic bacteria (a) and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (b) in different sections of the rhizobox

Tab.2 Correlation coefficients () between petroleum removal, bacterial population, and root biomass

Tab.3 Number and diversity of functional genes in different sections of the rhizobox detected by GeoChip after the 80-day experiment

Fig.4 Abundance of various functional gene categories in different sections of the rhizobox after the 80-day experiment

Fig.5 Abundance of functional genes related to petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in different sections of the rhizobox after the 80-day experiment

Fig.6 Environmental factors ((a) water and organic matter; (b) pH and soluble salt) in different regions of the rhizobox on Day 0 and Day 80 of the experiment

Tab.4 Correlation coefficients () between bacterial population and environmental factors

Fig.7 CCA of microbial functional genes and environmental factors in the rhizosphere

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