Neighborhood form and CO<sub>2</sub> emission: evidence from 23 neighborhoods in Jinan, China

doi:10.1007/s11783-013-0516-1

Front Envir Sci Eng

2014, Vol. 8

Issue (1) : 79-88 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-013-0516-1

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Neighborhood form and CO₂ emission: evidence from 23 neighborhoods in Jinan, China

Jiaxing GUO¹, Huan LIU¹(

), Yang JIANG^2,3, Dongquan HE², Qidong WANG¹, Fei MENG², Kebin HE¹(

)

1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of ?Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 2. The Energy Foundation, Beijing 100004, China; 3. School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

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Abstract

To understand the household CO₂ emission level in China, as well as how much the neighborhoods’ socio-economic or design factors could influence the CO₂ emission, 23 neighborhoods in Jinan were investigated in 2009 and 2010. These neighborhoods fall into four different types: superblock, enclave, grid and traditional. The household CO₂ emission includes sources of both in-home energy use and passenger transportation. The average CO₂ emission per household is 7.66 t·a^-1, including 6.87 t in-home operational emission and 792 kg transportation emission. The household CO₂ emission by neighborhood categories is 10.97, 5.65, 6.49, 5.40 t·household^-1·a^-1 for superblock, enclave, grid and traditional respectively. Superblock has the highest average emission and also the highest percent (more than 25%) of transportation emission among four different types of neighborhoods. The residential CO₂ emission of superblock neighborhoods in Jinan has already reached the level in developed countries nearly ten years ago. It is predictable that more superblock neighborhoods would be built in China with the fast urbanization. How to avoid the rapid household CO₂ emission growth in the future would be a systematic issue. The study also found that in addition to income and apartment area, household density, land use mix and accessibility to public transportation are three primary factors which have significant impacts on CO₂ emission. High density, mixed land use and convenient accessibility to public transportation tend to reduce household CO₂ emission.

Keywords CO₂ emission neighborhood type transportation household energy China

Corresponding Author(s): LIU Huan,Email:liu_env@tsinghua.edu.cn; HE Kebin,Email:hekb@tsinghua.edu.cn

Issue Date: 01 February 2014

Cite this article:

Jiaxing GUO,Fei MENG,Kebin HE, et al. Neighborhood form and CO₂ emission: evidence from 23 neighborhoods in Jinan, China[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2014, 8(1): 79-88.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-013-0516-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2014/V8/I1/79

Tab.1 Statistics of 23 neighborhoods investigated in Jinan

Fig.1 Hierarchical cluster analysis result of 23 neighborhoods in Jinan (Horizontal coordinate indicates the difference among neighborhoods, and the neighborhoods are arranged mainly by groups in vertical coordinate)

Tab.2 Transportation mode, energy type, fuel economy and CO2 emission factors

Tab.3 Household energy type and CO emission factors

Tab.4 Household operational and transportation survey data in Jinan

Fig.2 Household operational and transportation energy consumption and CO emission in Jinan: (a) by each neighborhood; (b) comparison of household energy consumption by neighborhood categories; (c) comparison of household CO emission by neighborhood categories

Fig.3 Comparisons on household annual CO emission among different cities

Tab.5 Distribution of household income and CO emission

Fig.4 Household income/area and CO emission in four types of neighborhoods: (a) household income; (b) household area

Fig.5 Relationship between density and household CO emission

Fig.6 Relationship between land use mix and household CO emission

Fig.7 Transportation CO emission of family with and without BRT nearby

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