Immobilization of Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ during geopolymerization

doi:10.1007/s11783-014-0707-4

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2015, Vol. 9

Issue (4) : 642-648 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-014-0707-4

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Immobilization of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Cd²⁺ during geopolymerization

Lei ZHENG^1,^*(

),Wei WANG¹,Wei QIAO²,Yunchun SHI¹,Xiao LIU¹

1. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2. College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

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Abstract

The present research explored the application of geopolymerization for the immobilization and solidification of heavy metal added into metakaolinte. The compressive strength of geopolymers was controlled by the dosage of heavy metal cations, and geopolymers have a toleration limit for heavy metals. The influence of alkaline activator dosage and type on the heavy metal ion immobilization efficiency of metakaolinte-based geopolymer was investigated. A geopolymer with the highest heavy metal immobilization efficiency was identified to occur at an intermediate Na₂SiO₃ dosage and the metal immobilization efficiency showed an orderly increase with the increasing Na⁺ dosage. Geopolymers with and without heavy metals were analyzed by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. No crystalline phase containing heavy metals was detected in geopolymers with heavy metal, suggesting that the crystalline phase containing heavy metals is not produced or most of the phases incorporating heavy metals are amorphous. FTIR spectroscopy showed that, with increasing heavy metal addition, an increase in NO3- peak intensity was observed, which was accompanied by a decrease in the CO32- peak.

Keywords geopolymer heavy metal immobilization solidification

Corresponding Author(s): Lei ZHENG

Online First Date: 22 May 2014 Issue Date: 25 June 2015

Cite this article:

Wei WANG,Wei QIAO,Yunchun SHI, et al. Immobilization of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Cd²⁺ during geopolymerization[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2015, 9(4): 642-648.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-014-0707-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2015/V9/I4/642

Fig.1 (1)

Tab.1 Synthesis composition of the different series of geopolymers

Fig.2 Variation of 14 d compressive strength with respect to heavy metal dosage (a) is for Pb²⁺, (b) is for Cd²⁺, (c) is for Cu²⁺, (d) is for Zn²⁺)

Fig.3 Pore structure of geopolymers with and without heavy metals, (a) is for geopolymers added with Pb, (b) is for geopolymers added with Cd, (c) is for geopolymers added with Cu, (d) is for geopolymers added with Zn

Fig.4 Variation immobilization efficiency with respect to (a) Na₂SiO₃ dosage at a constant Na/MK ratio of 3 mol·kg^-1, and (b) Na/MK ratio at a constant Na₂SiO₃ dosage of 0.3 mol·kg^-1

Fig.5 XRD patterns (a) and FTIR spectra (b) of geopolymers and the original MK

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