Nanoscale zero-valent iron supported on biochar for the highly efficient removal of nitrobenzene

doi:10.1007/s11783-019-1142-3

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (4) : 61 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-019-1142-3

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Nanoscale zero-valent iron supported on biochar for the highly efficient removal of nitrobenzene

Gaoling Wei², Jinhua Zhang¹(

), Jinqiu Luo¹, Huajian Xue¹, Deyin Huang², Zhiyang Cheng¹, Xinbai Jiang¹

¹. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
². Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China

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Abstract

• Biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent iron composite (nZVI/BC) was synthesized.

• nZVI/BC quickly and efficiently removed nitrobenzene (NB) in solution.

• NB removal by nZVI/BC involves simultaneous adsorption and reduction mechanism.

• nZVI/BC exhibited better catalytic activity, stability and durability than nZVI.

The application of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in the remediation of contaminated groundwater or wastewater is limited due to its lack of stability, easy aggregation and iron leaching. To address this issue, nZVI was distributed on oak sawdust-derived biochar (BC) to obtain the nZVI/BC composite for the highly efficient reduction of nitrobenzene (NB). nZVI, BC and nZVI/BC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For nZVI/BC, nZVI particles were uniformly dispersed on BC. nZVI/BC exhibited higher removal efficiency for NB than the simple summation of bare nZVI and BC. The removal mechanism was investigated through the analyses of UV-Visible spectra, mass balance and XPS. NB was quickly adsorbed on the surface of nZVI/BC, and then gradually reduced to aniline (AN), accompanied by the oxidation of nZVI to magnetite. The effects of several reaction parameters, e.g., NB concentration, reaction pH and nZVI/BC aging time, on the removal of NB were also studied. In addition to high reactivity, the loading of nZVI on biochar significantly alleviated Fe leaching and enhanced the durability of nZVI.

Keywords Biochar Nanoscale zero-valent iron Nitrobenzene Reduction Adsorption Synergistic effec

Corresponding Author(s): Jinhua Zhang

Issue Date: 01 July 2019

Cite this article:

Gaoling Wei,Jinhua Zhang,Jinqiu Luo, et al. Nanoscale zero-valent iron supported on biochar for the highly efficient removal of nitrobenzene[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2019, 13(4): 61.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-019-1142-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2019/V13/I4/61

Fig.1 SEM patterns of (a) BC (×5000), (b) BC (×50000), (c) nZVI (×80000), and (d) nZVI/BC (×150000).

Fig.2 XRD patterns of (a) BC, (b) nZVI, (c) fresh and (d) used nZVI/BC.

Tab.1 Textural characteristics of samples

Fig.3 Removal efficiencies of NB and aniline generation (inset) from NB reduction at room temperature. Reaction condition: NB concentration: 100 mg/L, nZVI dosage: 0.15 g/L, BC dosage: 0.15 g/L, nZVI/BC dosage: 0.30 g/L, initial pH: 8.0.

Fig.4 The fitting of NB removal processes using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

Tab.2 Kinetics parameters for NB removal by various materials

Fig.5 (a) Effect of initial NB concentration on reduction efficiency by nZVI (inset figure) and nZVI/BC at room temperature. (b) The variation of removal rate (r₀) as a function of initial NB concentration (C₀). Reaction condition: nZVI dosage: 0.15 g/L, nZVI/BC dosage: 0.30 g/L, initial pH: 8.0.

Tab.3 Fitting results of the NB removal by nZVI and nZVI/BC using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood Equation

Fig.6 Effect of initial pH on the removal of NB by nZVI/BC and the generation of aniline (inset) at room temperature. Reaction condition: NB concentration: 100 mg/L, nZVI/BC dosage: 0.30 g/L.

Fig.7 Fe leaching from nZVI and nZVI/BC after 6 h of NB reduction under different pH at room temperature. Reaction condition: NB concentration: 100 mg/L, nZVI dosage: 0.15 g/L, nZVI/BC dosage: 0.30 g/L, initial pH: 8.0.

Fig.8 Effect of nZVI and nZVI/BC aging on the removal efficiency of NB and aniline generation (inset figure) at room temperature. Reaction condition: NB concentration: 100 mg/L, nZVI dosage: 0.15 g/L, nZVI/BC dosage: 0.30 g/L, initial pH: 8.0, reaction time: 6 h.

Fig.9 The mass balance of NB and aniline during the adsorption and reduction by nZVI/BC as a function of time at room temperature. Reaction condition: NB concentration: 100 mg/L, nZVI/BC dosage: 0.30 g/L, initial pH: 8.0.

Fig.10 Schematic diagram for the removal mechanism of NB by nZVI/BC (a), and well dispersed nZVI/BC (b) and nZVI/BC separated by a magnet (c).

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