Effects of different types of biochar on the properties and reactivity of nano zero-valent iron in soil remediation

doi:10.1007/s11783-021-1388-4

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (5) : 101 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1388-4

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Effects of different types of biochar on the properties and reactivity of nano zero-valent iron in soil remediation

Chengjie Xue¹, Juan Wu², Kuang Wang^1,², Yunqiang Yi^1,^3,⁴(

), Zhanqiang Fang^1,^3,⁴(

), Wen Cheng¹, Jianzhang Fang^1,^3,⁴

¹. School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
². Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
³. Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Water System, Guangzhou 510006, China
⁴. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution & Environmental Safety, Guangzhou 510006, China

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Abstract

• Biochar enhanced the mobility and stability of zero-valent iron nanoparticles.

• Particle performance was best when the BC:nZVI mass ratio was 1:1.

• Bagasse-BC@nZVI removed 66.8% of BDE209.

The addition of nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) is a promising technology for the in situ remediation of soil. Unfortunately, the mobility and, consequently, the reactivity of nZVI particles in contaminated areas decrease due to their rapid aggregation. In this study, we determined how nZVI particles can be stabilized using different types of biochar (BC) as a support (BC@nZVI). In addition, we investigated the transport behavior of the synthesized BC@nZVI particles in a column filled with porous media and their effectiveness in the removal of BDE209 (decabromodiphenyl ether) from soil. The characterization results of N₂ Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyses, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that nZVI was successfully loaded into the BC. The sedimentation test results and the experimental breakthrough curves indicated that all of the BC@nZVI composites manifested better stability and mobility than did the bare-nZVI particles, and the transport capacity of the particles increased with increasing flow velocity and porous medium size. Furthermore, the maximum concentrations of the column effluent for bagasse–BC@nZVI (B–BC@nZVI) were 19%, 37% and 48% higher than those for rice straw–BC@nZVI (R–BC@nZVI), wood chips–BC@nZVI (W–BC@nZVI) and corn stalks–BC@nZVI (C–BC@nZVI), respectively. A similar order was found for the removal and debromination efficiency of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) by the aforementioned particles. Overall, the attachment of nZVI particles to BC significantly increased the reactivity, stability and mobility of B–BC@nZVI yielded, and nZVI the best performance.

Keywords Nano zero-valent iron Biochar BDE209 Transport Soil

Corresponding Author(s): Yunqiang Yi,Zhanqiang Fang

Issue Date: 02 March 2021

Cite this article:

Chengjie Xue,Juan Wu,Kuang Wang, et al. Effects of different types of biochar on the properties and reactivity of nano zero-valent iron in soil remediation[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(5): 101.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-021-1388-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2021/V15/I5/101

Fig.1 SEM images of (a) B-BC, (b) nZVI and (c) B-BC@nZVI; (d, e) XRD patterns and (f) FTIR spectra of the synthesized materials.

Fig.2 (a) Sedimentation tests for different particles; (b) effects of BC/nZVI mass ratio on the zeta potential for BC@nZVI composites; (c) effects of biochar types on the zeta potential for BC@nZVI composites; (d) effects of biochar pyrolysis temperature on particles stability. The capital letters represent significant differences of same particles at different temperature while lowercase letters represent significant differences of different particles at the same temperature (p<0.05).

Fig.3 Sedimentation tests of four BC@nZVI composites at different BC:nZVI mass ratios: (a) B-BC@nZVI, (b) C-BC@nZVI, (c) W-BC@nZVI, and (d) R-BC@nZVI.

Fig.4 Breakthrough curves of four BC@nZVI composites at different BC:nZVI mass ratios: (a) B-BC@nZVI, (b) R-BC@nZVI, (c) C-BC@nZVI, and (d) W-BC@nZVI.

Fig.5 Breakthrough curves of B-BC@nZVI at (a) different flow velocities in 30–40 mesh silica sand and (b) through three model porous media at 0.11 mL/s.

Fig.6 Breakthrough curves of different particles in silica sand (a) and retention profiles of particles along the column length with 15 PV of particle suspension (b). (BC:nZVI= 1:1; particle concentration= 1 g/L; v= 0.11 mL/s; media size= 30–40 mesh silica sand).

Fig.7 Effect of BC:nZVI mass ratio on BDE209 removal by B-BC@nZVI (temperature, 25℃±2℃; dosage, 0.03 g/g; soil moisture content, 50%).

Fig.8 (a) Removal efficiency of BDE-209 and (b) debromination efficiency of BDE-209 (BC:nZVI= 1:1; temperature= 25℃±2℃; dosage= 0.03 g/g; soil moisture content= 50%).

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