Effective and selective separation of perrhenate from acidic wastewater by super-stable, superhydrophobic, and recyclable biosorbent

doi:10.1007/s11783-021-1456-9

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (2) : 21 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1456-9

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Effective and selective separation of perrhenate from acidic wastewater by super-stable, superhydrophobic, and recyclable biosorbent

Hui Hu¹(

), Lei Jiang¹, Longli Sun¹, Yanling Gao¹, Tian Wang², Chenguang Lv¹

¹. School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
². Army Infantry College, Nanchang 330103, China

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Abstract

• A ZnO-biochar hybrid composite was prepared by solvothermal-pyrolysis synthesis.

• The superhydrophobic composite is suitable for selective recovery of Re(VII).

• The adsorption mechanism is elucidated by experiments and material characterization.

The recovery of scattered metal ions such as perrhenate (Re(VII)) from industrial effluents has enormous economic benefits and promotes resource reuse. Nanoscale-metal/biochar hybrid biosorbents are attractive for recovery but are limited by their insufficient stability and low selectivity in harsh environments. Herein, a superstable biochar-based biosorbent composed of ZnO nanoparticles with remarkable superhydrophobic features is fabricated, and its adsorption/desorption capabilities toward Re(VII) in strongly acidic aqueous solutions are investigated. The ZnO nanoparticle/biochar hybrid composite (ZBC) exhibits strong acid resistance and high chemical stability, which are attributable to strong C-O-Zn interactions between the biochar and ZnO nanoparticles. Due to the advantages of its hydrolytic stability, superhydrophobicity, and abundance of Zn-O sites, the ZBC proves suitable for the effective and selective separation of Re(VII) from single, binary and multiple ion systems (pH= 1), with a maximum sorption capacity of 29.41 mg/g. More importantly, this material also shows good recyclability and reusability, with high adsorption efficiency after six adsorption-desorption cycles. The findings in this work demonstrate that a metal/biochar hybrid composite is a promising sorbent for Re(VII) separation.

Keywords Selectivity Adsorption Re(VII) ZnO Biochar

Corresponding Author(s): Hui Hu

Issue Date: 08 June 2021

Cite this article:

Hui Hu,Lei Jiang,Longli Sun, et al. Effective and selective separation of perrhenate from acidic wastewater by super-stable, superhydrophobic, and recyclable biosorbent[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(2): 21.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-021-1456-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2022/V16/I2/21

Fig.1 (a) Synthetic procedure for fabrication of ZBC material. (b) Chemical structure of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. (c) Re(VII) recovery in the hydrometallurgy processes.

Fig.2 (a) XRD patterns of ZBC and BC. (b) Raman spectrum of ZBC and BC. (c) Full scan XPS characterization of ZBC and BC. High resolution (d) C 1s, (e) O 1s, and (f) Zn 2p spectra of ZBC.

Fig.3 SEM images of (a,b,c) BC and (d,e,f) ZBC. (g) SEM-EDX elemental mapping of ZBC. TEM images of (h) ZBC and (i,j) ZBC-Re. High-resolution TEM images of (k) ZBC and (l) ZBC-Re and line profiles alone (101), (002) and (100) direction.

Tab.1 The Zn²⁺ concentrations in the leaching solution and the ZnO loading amount

Tab.2 Textural properties of BC and ZBC

Fig.4 The impacts of (a) solution pH, (b) adsorbent concentration, and (c) contact time on the adsorption of Re(VII) onto ZBC. (d) Intraparticle diffusion plots for Re(VII) adsorption using BC and ZBC. (e) Liquid film diffusion plots for Re(VII) adsorption using BC and ZBC. (f) Adsorption isotherms of Re(VII) on BC and ZBC.

Fig.5 (a) Comparison of Re sorption capacities of this ZBC material with other adsorbents (the sample f and g are BC and ZBC, respectively; the other sorption capacities of (a–e) samples were cited from refs (Shan et al., 2012a; Zhang et al., 2012; Hu et al., 2015a; Li et al., 2015; Gao et al., 2017; respectively). (b) Recycle of adsorption of Re(VII) onto ZBC. (c) Influence of coexisting ions on the adsorption efficiency of Re(VII). (d) Adsorption efficiency of Re(VII) onto ZBC at different adsorbent concentrations and different simulated CSAW solutions.

Tab.3 The physicochemical characteristics of the simulated CSAW samples

Fig.6 (a) The FTIR spectra of ZBC and ZBC-Re. XPS spectra of ZBC before and after adsorption of Re(VII): (b) survey, (c) Re 4f, (d) C 1s, (e) O 1s, and (f) Zn 2p_3/2.

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