Concurrent adsorption and reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) using nitrogen-doped porous carbon adsorbent derived from loofah sponge

doi:10.1007/s11783-021-1491-6

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (5) : 57 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1491-6

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Concurrent adsorption and reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) using nitrogen-doped porous carbon adsorbent derived from loofah sponge

Feng Chen¹, Shihao Guo¹, Yihao Wang¹, Lulu Ma¹, Bing Li¹, Zhimin Song¹(

), Lei Huang^2,³(

), Wen Zhang⁴

¹. School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, China
². School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
³. Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
⁴. John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA

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Abstract

• A high-efficiency N-doped porous carbon adsorbent for Cr(VI) was synthesized.

• The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) reached up to 285.71 mg/g at 318K.

• The potential mechanism for Cr(VI) adsorption by NHPC was put forward.

• DFT analyzed the adsorption energy and interaction between NHPC and Cr(VI).

To develop highly effective adsorbents for chromium removal, a nitrogen-doped biomass-derived carbon (NHPC) was synthesized via direct carbonation of loofah sponge followed by alkali activation and doping modification. NHPC possessed a hierarchical micro-/mesoporous lamellar structure with nitrogen-containing functional groups (1.33 at%), specific surface area (1792.47 m²/g), and pore volume (1.18 cm³/g). NHPC exhibited a higher Cr(VI) adsorption affinity than the HPC (without nitrogen doping) or the pristine loofah sponge carbon (LSC) did. The influence of process parameters, including pH, dosage, time, temperature, and Cr(VI) concentration, on Cr(VI) adsorption by NHPC were evaluated. The Cr(VI) adsorption kinetics matched with the pseudo-second-order model (R²≥0.9983). The Cr(VI) adsorption isotherm was fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model, which indicated the maximum Cr(VI) adsorption capacities: 227.27, 238.10, and 285.71 mg/g at 298K, 308K, and 318K, respectively. The model analysis also indicated that adsorption of Cr(VI) on NHPC was a spontaneous, endothermal, and entropy-increasing process. The Cr(VI) adsorption process potentially involved mixed reductive and adsorbed mechanism. Furthermore, computational chemistry calculations revealed that the adsorption energy between NHPC and Cr(VI) (−0.84 eV) was lower than that of HPC (−0.51 eV), suggesting that nitrogen doping could greatly enhance the interaction between NHPC and Cr(VI).

Keywords Chromium(VI) Nitrogen-doped porous carbon Adsorption Reduction Loofah sponge

Corresponding Author(s): Zhimin Song,Lei Huang

Issue Date: 18 October 2021

Cite this article:

Feng Chen,Shihao Guo,Yihao Wang, et al. Concurrent adsorption and reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) using nitrogen-doped porous carbon adsorbent derived from loofah sponge[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(5): 57.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-021-1491-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2022/V16/I5/57

Fig.1 SEM images and elemental maps of NHPC (a) and NHPC after Cr adsorption (b). Elemental maps of carbon (red), oxygen (yellow), nitrogen (green), and chromium (pink).

Fig.2 The different characteristics of LSC, HPC, and NHPC (a) XRD, (b) Raman spectra, (c, d) Brunauer-Emmett-Teller.

Tab.1 The textural parameters (mean values) of LSC, HPC, and NHPC

Fig.3 (a) pH-Cr(VI) removal efficiency and the species of Cr, (b) influence of dosage, (c, d) kinetics and isotherms.

Tab.2 Summary of different adsorbents for Cr(VI) adsorption that published before

Fig.4 The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: (a) Cr 2p, (b) C 1s, (c) N 1s, and (d) O 1s spectra of NHPC and NHPC-Cr.

Fig.5 The density functional calculation of HPC^…HCrO₄⁻ (a, c) and NHPC^…HCrO₄⁻ (b, d).

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