Dual-functional sites for synergistic adsorption of Cr(VI) and Sb(V) by polyaniline-TiO<sub>2</sub> hydrate: Adsorption behaviors, sites and mechanisms

doi:10.1007/s11783-022-1526-7

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (8) : 105 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-022-1526-7

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Dual-functional sites for synergistic adsorption of Cr(VI) and Sb(V) by polyaniline-TiO₂ hydrate: Adsorption behaviors, sites and mechanisms

Ning Wang^1,², Jiangtao Feng², Wei Yan²(

), Luohong Zhang¹, Yonghong Liu¹, Ruihua Mu¹

¹. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
². Xi’an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

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Abstract

• PANI/Ti(OH)_n⁽⁴^–ⁿ⁾⁺ exhibited excellent adsorption capacity and reusability.

• Adsorption sites of Cr(VI) were hydroxyl, amino/imino group and benzene rings.

• Sb(V) was adsorbed mainly through hydrogen bonds and Ti-O-Sb.

• The formation of Cr-O-Sb in dual system demonstrated the synergistic adsorption.

• PANI/TiO₂ was a potential widely-applied adsorbent and worth further exploring.

Removal of chromium (Cr) and antimony (Sb) from aquatic environments is crucial due to their bioaccumulation, high mobility and strong toxicity. In this work, a composite adsorbent consisting of Ti(OH)_n⁽⁴^–ⁿ⁾⁺ and polyaniline (PANI) was designed and successfully synthesized by a simple and eco-friendly method for the uptake of Cr(VI) and Sb(V). The synthetic PANI/TiO₂ composites exhibited excellent adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) and Sb(V) (394.43 mg/g for Cr(VI) and 48.54 mg/g for Sb(V)), wide pH applicability and remarkable reusability. The adsorption of Cr(VI) oxyanions mainly involved electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding and anion-π interactions. Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FT-IR analysis, the adsorption sites were shown to be hydroxyl groups, amino/imino groups and benzene rings. Sb(V) was adsorbed mainly through hydrogen bonds and surface complexation to form Ti-O-Sb complexes. The formation of Cr-O-Sb in the dual system demonstrated the synergistic adsorption of Cr(VI) and Sb(V). More importantly, because of the different adsorption sites, the adsorption of Cr(VI) and Sb(V) occurred independently and was enhanced to some extent in the dual system. The results suggested that PANI/TiO₂ is a promising prospect for practical wastewater treatment in the removal of Cr(VI) and Sb(V) from wastewater owing to its availability, wide applicability and great reusability.

Keywords Polyaniline/TiO₂ Chromium Antimony Adsorption Desorption Mechanism

Corresponding Author(s): Wei Yan

About author:

Tongcan Cui and Yizhe Hou contributed equally to this work.

Issue Date: 27 December 2021

Cite this article:

Ning Wang,Jiangtao Feng,Wei Yan, et al. Dual-functional sites for synergistic adsorption of Cr(VI) and Sb(V) by polyaniline-TiO₂ hydrate: Adsorption behaviors, sites and mechanisms[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(8): 105.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-022-1526-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2022/V16/I8/105

Fig.1 Effect of pH on PANI/TiO₂ adsorption performance: (a) Cr(VI); (b) Sb(V).

Fig.2 Effect of temperature on adsorption efficiency and adsorption capacity: (a) Cr(VI); (b) Sb(V).

Fig.3 Effect of coexisting ions on adsorption efficiency of Cr(VI) and Sb(V) (M: Cr(VI) or Sb(V); SO₄: SO₄²^–; NO₃: NO₃^–; PO₄: H₂PO₄^–; ARG: ARG; Sb+Cr: Cr(VI) and Sb(V)) (298K for 12 h).

Fig.4 Adsorption kinetics data and fitting curves of Cr(VI) and Sb(V) by PANI/TiO₂: (a) Cr(VI)-298 K; (b) Cr(VI)-308 K; (c) Cr(VI)-318 K; (d) Sb(V)-298 K; (e) Sb(V)-308 K; (f) Sb(V)-318 K.

Fig.5 Isotherm experimental data and fitting curves of adsorption by composite adsorbent: (a) Cr(VI); (b) Sb(V).

Tab.1 Isotherm fitting parameters of PANI/TiO₂ adsorption for Cr(VI) and Sb(V)

Fig.6 Regeneration stability of the composite adsorbent for Cr(VI) and Sb(V): (a) Regenerative adsorption efficiency; (b) Ion concentration after regenerative adsorption.

Tab.2 Comparison of adsorption performances of different adsorbents for Cr(VI) and Sb(V)

Fig.7 FTIR spectra before and after Cr(VI) and Sb(V) adsorption by PANI/TiO₂ (a. PANI/TiO₂ pretreated with NaOH; b. PANI/TiO₂ pretreated with HCl; c. PANI/TiO₂ after Cr adsorption; d. PANI/TiO₂ after Sb adsorption).

Fig.8 XPS characteristics of Cr(VI) and Sb(V) before and after adsorption by PANI/TiO₂: (a) C 1s before adsorption; (b) C 1s after Cr(VI) adsorption; (c) C 1s after Sb(V) adsorption; (d) O 1s before adsorption; (e) O 1s after Cr(VI) adsorption; (f) O 1s after Sb(V) adsorption; (g) N 1s before adsorption; (h) N 1s after Cr(VI) adsorption; (i) N 1s after Sb(V) adsorption; (j) Ti 2p before adsorption; (k) Ti 2p after Cr(VI) adsorption; (l) Ti 2p after Sb(V) adsorption.

Fig.9 XPS peaks after Cr(VI) and Sb(V) adsorption by PANI/TiO₂: (a) Cr 2p; (b) Sb 3d.

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the adsorption mechanism of Sb(V) and Cr(VI) by PANI/TiO₂. (a. electrostatic interaction; b. H-bond interaction; c.Sb-N coordination interaction; d. π-anion action; e. Cr-O-Sb bridging action).

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