Effects of manufactured nanomaterials on algae: Implications and applications

doi:10.1007/s11783-022-1554-3

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (9) : 122 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-022-1554-3

REVIEW ARTICLE

Effects of manufactured nanomaterials on algae: Implications and applications

Yuxiong Huang¹, Manyu Gao¹, Wenjing Wang¹, Ziyi Liu¹, Wei Qian¹, Ciara Chun Chen¹, Xiaoshan Zhu^1,²(

), Zhonghua Cai¹

¹. Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
². Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China

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Abstract

● Summary of positive and negative effects of MNMs on algae.

● MNMs adversely affect algal gene expression, metabolite, and growth.

● MNMs induce oxidative stress, mechanical damage and light-shielding effects on algae.

● MNMs can promote production of bioactive substances and environmental remediation.

The wide application of manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) has resulted in the inevitable release of MNMs into the aquatic environment along their life cycle. As the primary producer in aquatic ecosystems, algae play a critical role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems’ energy flow, material circulation and information transmission. Thus, thoroughly understanding the biological effects of MNMs on algae as well as the underlying mechanisms is of vital importance. We conducted a comprehensive review on both positive and negative effects of MNMs on algae and thoroughly discussed the underlying mechanisms. In general, exposure to MNMs may adversely affect algae’s gene expression, metabolites, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation and growth rate. The major mechanisms of MNMs-induced inhibition are attributed to oxidative stress, mechanical damages, released metal ions and light-shielding effects. Meanwhile, the rational application of MNMs-algae interactions would promote valuable bioactive substances production as well as control biological and chemical pollutants. Our review could provide a better understanding of the biological effects of MNMs on algae and narrow the knowledge gaps on the underlying mechanisms. It would shed light on the investigation of environmental implications and applications of MNMs-algae interactions and meet the increasing demand for sustainable nanotechnology development.

Keywords Manufactured nanomaterials Algae Mechanisms Effects Implications Applications

Corresponding Author(s): Xiaoshan Zhu

About author: Tongcan Cui and Yizhe Hou contributed equally to this work.

Issue Date: 10 September 2022

Cite this article:

Yuxiong Huang,Manyu Gao,Wenjing Wang, et al. Effects of manufactured nanomaterials on algae: Implications and applications[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(9): 122.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-022-1554-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2022/V16/I9/122

Fig.1 MNMs affect algae’s gene expression and metabolism.

MNMs type	MNMs	Particle size	Dosage	Algae species	Effects	Mechanisms	EC₅₀	References
Carbonaceous MNMs	Graphene oxide (GO)	N/A	0.5, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 70, 100 mg/L	Raphidocelis subcapitata	Growth inhibition	Oxidative damage; shading effects; mechanical damage	96 h – EC₅₀ = 20 mg/L	Nogueira et al., 2015
	GO	3.5 nm	0.5, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 70, 100 mg/L	Raphidocelis subcapitata	Growth inhibition	Oxidative damage; shading effects; mechanical damage	N/A	Nogueira et al., 2015
	GO	5 nm	N/A	Chlorella vulgaris	Cell division inhibition	N/A	N/A	Wahid et al., 2013
	Graphene	N/A	50 mg/L	Chlorella pyrenoidosa	Growth inhibition	Shading effects; mechanical damage	96 h – EC₅₀ = 37.3 mg/L (GO)/34.0 mg/L (rGO)/62.2 mg/L(MG)	Zhao et al., 2017
	Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)	N/A	1–50 mg/L	Chlorella vulgaris	Growth inhibition; normal photosynthetic activity	Shading effects; the agglomeration of algal cells	96 h – EC₅₀ = 1.8 mg/L (well dispersed suspensions)/24 mg/L (agglomerated suspensions)	Schwab et al., 2011
	CNTs	N/A	1–50 mg/L	Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata	Growth inhibition; normal photosynthetic activity	Shading effects; the agglomeration of algal cells	96 h – EC₅₀ = 20 mg/L (well dispersed suspensions)/36 mg/L (agglomerated suspensions)	Schwab et al., 2011
	CNTs	4 nm inner and 5–20 nm outer diameter	0.85±0.12 mg CNTs/g algae dry weight	Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata	Biochemical composition alteration	Mechanical damage and internalization	N/A	Glomstad et al., 2016
	Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)	Length: ~20μm, diameter:1–	12–46.1 mg/L	Chlorella vulgaris	Growth inhibition	N/A	72 h – EC₅₀ = 30.96 mg/L	Sohn et al., 2015
	Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)	Length: ~20 μm, diameter:1–1.2 nm	15–42.8 mg/L	Raphidocelis subcapitata	Growth inhibition	N/A	72 h – EC₅₀ = 29.99 mg/L	Sohn et al., 2015
	Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)	20–30 μm	0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/L	Dunaliella tertiolecta	Growth inhibition	N/A	96 h – EC₅₀ = (0.82±0.02) mg/L	Wei et al., 2010
	CNT (DWCNTs 80%, SWCNTs 15%, and MWCNTs 5%)	1–100 μm	0.1, 1, 10 and 50 mg/L	Nitzchia palea	Proteins/carbohydrates ratio increase; growth inhibition	N/A	48 h – EC₅₀ = 7.5 mg/L	Verneuil et al., 2015
Metal/Metal Oxide MNMs	Nano-Au	633 nm	0.005125, 0.01025, 0.0205,0.041, 0.082 mg/L	Desmodesmus subspicatus	Growth inhibition	N/A	72 h – EC₅₀ = 0.028 mg/L	DěDková et al., 2014
	Nano-Au	633 nm	0.005125, 0.01025, 0.0205,0.041, 0.082 mg/L	Selenastrum bibraianum	Growth inhibition	N/A	72 h – EC₅₀ = 0.014 mg/L	DěDková et al., 2014
	Nano-Ag	50 nm	10, 50, 100, 200 mg/L	Chlorella vulgaris	Cell stability decreased	Oxidative damage	N/A	Hazani et al., 2013
	Nano-Au	10, 20,40, 60 and 80 nm	5–8 mg/L	Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata	Growth inhibition	N/A	72 h – EC₅₀ = 0.72 mg/L(average)	Angela et al., 2014
	Nano-Au	N/A	10, 100, 200, 500 nM	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	ATP and photosynthesis plummeting	Oxidative damage	N/A	Pillai et al., 2014
	Nano-Au	50 nm	0–10 mg/L	Chlorella vulgaris	Chlorophyll content decrease; growth inhibition (viable algal cells decrease)lipids peroxidation	Oxidative damage	N/A	Oukarroum et al., 2012
	Nano-Au	20, 40, 100 nm	0.05–20 μM.	Thalassiosira pseudonana	Growth inhibition	Releasing metal ions	N/A	Burchardt et al., 2012
	Nano-Au	20, 40, 100 nm	0.05–20 μM.	Synechococcus sp.	Growth inhibition	Releasing metal ions	N/A	Burchardt et al., 2012
	Nano-CuO	N/A	0.1, 0.5, 0.8, 1, 2 mg/L	Microcystis aeruginosa	DNA damage	Mechanical damage and internalization; oxidative damage	72 h – EC₅₀ = 0.47 mg/L	Angela et al., 2014
	Nano-TiO₂	935±33 (s) nm	0, 0.2, 2, 10, 50, and 250 mg/L	Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata	Growth inhibition	N/A	96 h – EC₅₀ = 8.7 mg/L (with a UV filter)/6.3 mg/L (with 3 h pre-exposure to UV)	Wang et al., 2011
	Nano-TiO₂	10 nm (primary size) /192±0.8 nm (NM aggregates)	0–500 mg/L	Anabaena variabilis	Growth inhibition; nitrogen fixation activity inhibition	N/A	96 h – EC₅₀ = 0.62 mg/L	Cherchi and Gu, 2010
	Nano-TiO₂	4–30nm	0, 10, 30, 100, 250,500, 600, and 1000 mg/L	Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata	Growth inhibition	Surface coverage; oxidative damage	96 h – EC₅₀ = 113±18 mg/L	Metzler et al., 2011
	Nano-TiO₂	5–10 nm	0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 mg/L	Karenia brevis	Growth inhibition; cell membrane destroyed	Oxidative damage; mechanical damage	72 h – EC₅₀ = 10.69 mg/L	Li et al., 2015
	Nano-TiO₂	5–10 nm	0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 mg/L	Skeletonema costatum	Growth inhibition; MDA contents increase	Oxidative damage	72 h – EC₅₀ = 7.37 mg/L	Li et al., 2015
Quantum Dots (QDs)	Carbon QDs (PEG₂₀₀₀ -CQDs, CA-CQDs, and Gly-CQDs)	< 10 nm	0, 5, 10, 50, 100, and500 mg/L	Microcystis aeruginosa	Growth inhibition	N/A	N/A	Yan, 2015
	CdSe QDs	3.2 nm	Short-term exposure experiments: 20–320 nM.Long-term exposure experiments: 0.04–1.0 nM	Phaeodactylum tricornutum	Growth inhibition; SOD and CAT activities were increased; ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were not significantly affected	Oxidative damage	N/A	Morelli et al., 2012
	CdTe-QDs	< 10 nm	0, 5, 10, 50, 100, and 500 mg/L	Microcystis aeruginosa	Growth inhibition; chlorophyll-a accumulation inhibition	N/A	N/A	Yan, 2015
	CQDs (N, S doped CQDs, N doped CQDs, no doped CQDs)	–	0, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 mg/L,0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 mg/L, 0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 mg/L, respectively	Chlorellapyrenoidosa	Growth inhibition; Chla contents and protein contents were decreased; SOD activity and MDA contents were increased	Oxidative damage	96 h – EC₅₀ = 38.56, 185.83, 232.47 mg/L, respectively	Xiao et al., 2016
	Metal QDs (CdTe QDs, CdS QDs, CuInS₂ /ZnS QDs)	–	0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, 1 mg/L, 0, 0.75, 1.5, 7.5, 15, 75mg/L, 0, 10, 20, 100, 200, 1000 mg/L, respectively	Chlorellapyrenoidosa	Growth inhibition; Chla contents and protein contents were decreased; SOD activity and MDA contents were increased	Oxidative damage	96 h – EC₅₀ = 0.015, 4.88, 459.5 mg/L, respectively	Xiao et al., 2016

Tab.1 Adverse effects and mechanisms of MNMs on algae

Fig.2 Potential applications of MNMs’ effect on algae.

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