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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

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Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2021, Vol. 15 Issue (5) : 107    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1395-5
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Fabrication of magnetic multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer composite for the selective and efficient removal of tetracyclines from water
Guolong Zeng, Yiyang Liu, Xiaoguo Ma(), Yinming Fan
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Abstract

• Magnetic multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer composite was synthesized.

• MIP composite was used as the adsorbent for removal of tetracyclines from water.

• MIP composite showed excellent adsorption selectivity toward tetracyclines.

• MIP composite possessed good reusability.

Antibiotic contamination of the water environment has attracted much attention from researchers because of their potential hazards to humans and ecosystems. In this study, a multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) modified mesoporous silica coated magnetic graphene oxide (MGO@MS@MIP) was prepared by the surface imprinting method via a sol-gel process and was used for the selective, efficient and simultaneous removal of tetracyclines (TCs), including doxycycline (DC), tetracycline (TC), chlorotetracycline (CTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) from water. The synthesized MIP composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope and thermogravimetric analysis. The adsorption properties of MGO@MS@MIP for these TCs were characterized through adsorption kinetics, isotherms and selectivity tests. The MIP composite revealed larger adsorption quantities, excellent selectivity and rapid kinetics for these four tetracyclines. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic and followed the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The MGO@MS@MIP could specifically recognize DC, TC, CTC and OTC in the presence of some chemical analogs. In addition, the sorption capacity of the MIP composite did not decrease significantly after repeated application for at least five cycles. Thus, the prepared magnetic MIP composite has great potential to contribute to the effective separation and removal of tetracyclines from water.
Keywords Tetracyclines      Removal      Adsorption      Molecularly imprinted polymer      Magnetic graphene oxide     
Corresponding Author(s): Xiaoguo Ma   
Issue Date: 03 February 2021
 Cite this article:   
Guolong Zeng,Yiyang Liu,Xiaoguo Ma, et al. Fabrication of magnetic multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer composite for the selective and efficient removal of tetracyclines from water[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(5): 107.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-021-1395-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2021/V15/I5/107
Fig.1  Schematic diagram of the synthesis of MGO@MS@MIP.
Fig.2  TEM images of MGO (a), MGO@MS (b) and MGO@MS@MIP (c).
Fig.3  N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of MGO@MS (a) and MGO@MS@MIP (b).
Fig.4  FTIR spectra of GO (a), MGO (b), MGO@MS (c), MGO@MS@MIP (d) and NIP (e).
Fig.5  TGA curves of MGO, MGO@MS and MGO@MS@MIP.
Fig.6  Effect of sample pH on the adsorption of OTC, TC, CTC and DC by MGO @MS@MIP. Adsorption conditions: 20 mL of adsorbate solution (50 mg/L); 20 mg of adsorbent; 90 min of contact time; and 298 K.
Fig.7  Adsorption kinetic curves of OTC, TC, CTC and DC on MGO@MS@MIP and NIP. Adsorption conditions: 20 mL of adsorbate solution (50 mg/L); 20 mg of adsorbent; pH 7.5; and 298K.
Adsorbate Adsorbent Qe, exp
(mg/g)		 Pseudo-first order model Pseudo-second order model Intra-particle diffusion model
K1
(/min)		 Qe, cal
(mg/g)		 R2 K2
(mg/(g·min))		 Qe,cal
(mg/g)		 R2 Kid
(mg/(g·min1/2))		 C
(mg/g)		 R2
OTC MIP 5.92 0.069 4.07 0.9426 0.043 6.42 0.9991 0.178 3.67 0.7232
NIP 2.84 0.055 1.56 0.9280 0.078 2.85 0.9998 0.087 1.69 0.4568
TC MIP 5.66 0.074 3.94 0.9556 0.091 5.84 0.9999 0.161 3.62 0.5128
NIP 2.61 0.066 1.76 0.9322 0.047 2.64 0.9996 0.093 1.39 0.4620
CTC MIP 19.76 0.068 13.30 0.9390 0.021 19.83 0.9999 0.452 13.60 0.5231
NIP 8.10 0.068 5.55 0.9407 0.062 8.15 0.9999 0.207 5.32 0.5287
DC MIP 11.89 0.069 8.18 0.9416 0.028 12.42 0.9998 0.372 7.25 0.5850
NIP 5.76 0.072 4.66 0.9795 0.032 5.85 0.9996 0.202 3.10 0.5377
Tab.1  Kinetic parameters of OTC, TC, CTC and DC adsorption onto the MGO@MS@MIP and NIP at 298K
Fig.8  Adsorption isotherms of MGO@MS@MIP for OTC (a), TC (b), CTC (c) and DC (d).
Adsorbate Adsorbent T (K) Langmuir Freundlich Tempkin
Qm (mg/g) KL
(L/mg)		 R2 KF n
(g/L)		 R2 a
(mg/g)		 b
(L/g)		 R2
OTC MIP 298 8.19 0.082 0.9613 0.18 2.14 0.9896 0.78 1.24 0.8976
308 38.02 0.004 0.9305 0.84 1.09 0.9993 -1.93 2.02 0.7242
318 18.80 0.031 0.9897 0.68 1.42 0.9737 -0.64 2.62 0.8822
NIP 298 23.04 0.009 0.8110 0.17 1.05 0.9578 -1.83 2.14 0.7613
308 4.62 0.16 0.8917 0.45 1.68 0.8169 0.28 1.01 0.6053
318 35.72 0.010 0.5293 0.44 1.20 0.9461 -3.21 3.21 0.7566
TC MIP 298 31.45 0.017 0.9696 0.64 1.30 0.9930 -1.56 3.40 0.8072
308 95.20 0.004 0.9021 0.36 1.08 0.9994 -2.93 3.99 0.7472
318 57.80 0.008 0.9895 0.50 1.15 0.9960 -2.81 4.21 0.7608
NIP 298 35.58 0.011 0.8030 0.16 0.87 0.8650 -2.94 3.57 0.8022
308 17.69 0.038 0.8199 0.65 1.36 0.9190 -0.98 2.86 0.8036
318 62.50 0.014 0.7729 0.95 1.20 0.9430 -1.91 5.55 0.8244
CTC MIP 298 39.84 0.039 0.8560 2.92 2.16 0.9702 4.36 3.22 0.6406
308 54.05 0.033 0.9564 1.92 1.47 0.9912 1.20 5.44 0.8186
318 98.04 0.12 0.9790 5.43 1.67 0.9828 9.95 7.36 0.8361
NIP 298 15.38 0.13 0.9460 1.44 2.74 0.9250 0.54 2.62 0.8651
308 31.35 2.85 0.9380 1.50 2.46 0.9100 2.92 4.87 0.8858
318 192.31 26.0 0.6560 1.53 2.34 0.9122 17.4 9.61 0.6495
DC MIP 298 22.34 0.040 0.9750 0.34 1.57 0.9676 0.07 3.00 0.8352
308 13.69 0.039 0.9531 1.09 1.34 0.9845 -0.99 3.12 0.7706
318 9.22 0.032 0.9790 0.65 1.21 0.9955 -0.65 1.64 0.4783
NIP 298 44.82 0.011 0.5600 0.76 1.38 0.9799 -1.59 3.68 0.6969
308 24.80 0.024 0.7768 0.76 1.41 0.9545 -1.24 3.42 0.8227
318 21.85 0.10 0.9846 1.51 1.33 0.9720 1.80 3.38 0.8186
Tab.2  Isotherm parameters of OTC, TC, CTC and DC adsorption onto MGO@MS@MIP at different temperatures
Adsorbate C0
(mg/L)		 ?H0
(J/mol)		 ?S0
(J/(mol·K))		 ?G0 (KJ/mol)
298K 308K 318K
OTC 10 50.12 2.22 -0.61 -0.63 -0.65
50 43.70 1.81 -0.49 -0.51 -0.53
100 26.39 0.97 -0.26 -0.27 -0.28
TC 10 11.53 0.42 -0.114 -0.119 -0.123
50 5.66 0.12 -0.029 -0.030 -0.031
100 10.10 0.30 -0.079 -0.082 -0.085
CTC 10 49.36 2.41 -0.67 -0.69 -0.72
50 33.78 1..55 -0.43 -0.44 -0.46
100 38.63 1.73 -0.48 -0.49 -0.51
DC 10 41.92 1.87 -0.52 -0.53 -0.55
50 28.82 1.17 -0.32 -0.33 -0.34
100 37.80 1.51 -0.41 -0.43 -0.44
Tab.3  Thermodynamic parameters of OTC, TC, CTC and DC adsorption onto the MGO @MS @MIP at various initial concentrations and temperatures
Adsorbent Imprinting parameter OTC TC CTC DC CIP MTC
MIPs Kd 0.068 0.05 0.356 0.039 0.005 0.003
aMTC 12.53 9.22 65.64 7.13 – –
aCIP 21.16 15.58 110.8 12.04 – –
NIPs Kd 0.009 0.007 0.026 0.006 0.004 0.004
aMTC 2.26 1.17 6.55 1.48 – –
aCIP 2.26 1.17 6.55 1.48 – –
Tab.4  Special selectivity of MIP composite toward TCs compared with MTC and CIP
Fig.9  The reusability analysis of MGO@MS@MIP for four TCs.
Adsorbent Qe (mg/g) Equilibrium time (h) Reference
Magnetic carbon 28.14 5 Rattanachueskul et al., 2017
a) Fe3O4/PAN NFs 37.17 72 Liu et al., 2015
b) Magnetic PI@LDO 50.82 3 Wu et al., 2019
c) Fe-N, N-SBA15 40.24 6 Zhang et al., 2015
MGO@MS@MIP 40.09 1 This work
Tab.5  Comparison with other sorbents for the removal of tetracyclines
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