Enhancing the adsorption function of biochar by mechanochemical graphitization for organic pollutant removal

doi:10.1007/s11783-021-1418-2

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (6) : 130 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1418-2

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Enhancing the adsorption function of biochar by mechanochemical graphitization for organic pollutant removal

Peidong Su¹, Xiangyu Gao², Junke Zhang¹, Ridha Djellabi¹, Bo Yang¹(

), Qi Wu³, Zhen Wen¹

¹. College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
². State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
³. Senior 3, Houde Academy, Shenzhen 518000, China

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Abstract

• Mechanochemical treatment reduced the calcination temperature for biochar synthesis.

• Biochar is converted to graphite after mechanochemical treatment.

• Biochar was reduced to nanoscale after mechanochemical treatment.

Biochar (BC) has been extensively studied as adsorbent for the treatment of water pollution. Despite the distinct advantages, the high calcination temperature and low adsorption capacity of pristine BC limit its practical applications. Most of the former studies focused on the structure and/or surface modification to improve the adsorption capacity of BC. However, the harsh experiment conditions involved in the biochar modification limited the application in industrial level. Herein, we introduced mechanical treatment into BC preparation to reduce the calcination temperature and improve the adsorption capacity simultaneously. The results indicated that the calcination temperature was reduced and the adsorption capacity of the treated BC was improved after mechanochemical treatment. Characterization of the samples disclosed that BCs were graphitized with the particle size reduced to nanoscale after treatment. Adsorption tests indicated that the mechanochemically treated BCs showed much better removal performance of organic contaminants than that of pristine BCs. For instance, among four pristine BCs (BC600, BC700, BC800, and BC900), only BC900 has strong adsorption capacity for MB, while BC600 has low adsorption capacity (1.2 mg/g). By comparison, the adsorption capacity of MB increased greatly to 173.96 mg/g by BC600-500/1 (treated at 500 r/min for 1 hour). To optimize the mechanochemical treatment, the effects of rotation speed and agitation duration were also investigated.

Keywords Biochar Mechanochemical treatment Graphitization Calcination temperature Organic pollutant

Corresponding Author(s): Bo Yang

Issue Date: 26 March 2021

Cite this article:

Peidong Su,Xiangyu Gao,Junke Zhang, et al. Enhancing the adsorption function of biochar by mechanochemical graphitization for organic pollutant removal[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(6): 130.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-021-1418-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2021/V15/I6/130

Fig.1 (a) XRD patterns of BCs, and (b) FTIR plots of BC600, BC900, BC600-500/2, and BC900-500/2.

Tab.1 Specific surface area (SSA) and pore structure of BC600, BC900, BC600-500/2, and BC900-500/2

Fig.2 N₂ adsorption and desorption isotherms (a) and pore size distribution of BC600, BC900, BC600-500/2, and BC900-500/2 (b).

Fig.3 High resolution of C1s of BC600 (a), BC900 (b), BC600-500/2 (c), and BC900-500/2 (d).

Fig.4 (a) SEM images of BC600, BC700, BC800, BC900 (Scale bar, 10 mm), (b) SEM images of BC600-500/2, BC700-500/2, BC800-500/2, BC900-500/2 (Scale bar, 1 mm), and (c) C, N, S, and O distribution on BC900-500/2.

Fig.5 The removal efficiency of MB by different BCs (a) (adsorbent dosage= 0.05 g, MB concentration= 10.0 mg/L, solution volume= 100.0 mL), and the effect of initial concentration on the adsorption of MB by BC900 and BC900-500/2 (b) (adsorbent dosage= 0.05 g, solution volume= 100.0 mL, lines for BC900 and dots for BC900-500/2).

Fig.6 The effect of rotation speed on the removal efficiency of MB by BCs Agitation speed= 100 r/min (a), 200 r/min (b), 300 r/min (c), and 400 r/min (d) (adsorbent dosage= 0.05 g, MB concentration= 10.0 mg/L, solution volume= 100.0 mL).

Fig.7 The removal efficiency of RHB by different BCs (a) (adsorbent dosage= 0.05 g, RHB concentration= 10.0 mg/L, solution volume= 100.0 mL), and the effect of initial concentration on the adsorption of RHB by BC900 and BC900-500/2 (b) (adsorbent dosage= 0.05 g, solution volume= 100.0 mL, lines for BC900 and dots for BC900-500/2).

Fig.8 The effect of ball milling time on the removal efficiency of RHB by BCs. Agitation time= 0.5 h (a), 1 h (b), 1.5 h (c), and 2 h (d) (adsorbent dosage= 0.05 g, RHB concentration= 10.0 mg/L, solution volume= 100.0 mL).

Fig.9 The adsorption capacity of selected BCs for MB and RHB.

Credit Author Statement

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