Sorption of aromatic organophosphate flame retardants on thermally and hydrothermally produced biochars

doi:10.1007/s11783-020-1220-6

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2020, Vol. 14

Issue (3) : 43 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1220-6

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Sorption of aromatic organophosphate flame retardants on thermally and hydrothermally produced biochars

Ziwen Du¹, Chuyi Huang¹, Jiaqi Meng¹, Yaru Yuan², Ze Yin¹, Li Feng¹, Yongze Liu¹, Liqiu Zhang¹(

)

¹. Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
². College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

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Abstract

• TPhP showed faster and higher sorption on biochars than TPPO.

• Pyrochars had higher sorption capacity for TPPO than hydrochar.

• Hydrophobic interactions dominated TPhP sorption by biochars.

• The π-π EDA and electrostatic interactions are involved in sorption.

Aromatic organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) pollutants and biochars are commonly present and continually released into soils due to their increasingly wide applications. In this study, for the first time, the sorption of OPFRs on biochars was investigated. Although triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) have similar molecular structures and sizes, TPhP exhibited much faster and higher sorption than TPPO due to its stronger hydrophobicity, suggesting the dominant role of hydrophobic interactions in TPhP sorption. The π-π electron donor–acceptor (EDA) interactions also contributed to the sorption process, as suggested by the negative correlation between the sorption capacity of the aromatic OPFRs and the aromatic index (H/C atomic ratios) of biochar. Density functional theory calculations further showed that one benzene ring of aromatic OPFRs has no electrons, which may interact with biochar via π-π EDA interactions. The electrostatic attraction between the protonated P = O in OPFRs and the negatively charged biochar was found to occur at pH below 7. This work provides insights into the sorption behaviors and mechanisms of aromatic OPFRs by biochars.

Keywords Organophosphate flame retardants Hydrochar Pyrochar Adsorption Emerging contaminants Biochar

Corresponding Author(s): Liqiu Zhang

Issue Date: 09 March 2020

Cite this article:

Ziwen Du,Chuyi Huang,Jiaqi Meng, et al. Sorption of aromatic organophosphate flame retardants on thermally and hydrothermally produced biochars[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(3): 43.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-020-1220-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2020/V14/I3/43

Tab.1 Bulk and surface elemental composition, surface area (SA), average pore width, and pore volume of the rice straw-derived hydrochar and pyrochars

Fig.1 Pore size distribution of the hydrochar (HRS200) (a) and pyrochars produced at 300 (PRS300) (b), 450 (PRS450) (c), and 600 (PRS600) °C (d).

Fig.2 Effects of the solution pH on the sorption of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) by the pyrochar produced at 600°C (PRS600) (a); the zeta potentials (b) and particle sizes (c) of PRS600 at different pH values.

Tab.2 Freundlich isotherm parameters and concentration-dependent distribution coefficients (logK_d and logK_oc) for triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) on the hydrochar and pyrochars

Fig.3 Correlations between the logK_oc values of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) by the biochars and their H/C atomic ratios (a and b), surface O content measured using XPS (c and d), and average pore width (e and f).

Fig.4 Highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) (a); sorption mechanisms of TPhP and TPPO onto biochar (b).

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