Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on solid waste generation and management strategies

doi:10.1007/s11783-021-1407-5

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (6) : 115 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1407-5

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on solid waste generation and management strategies

Yangyang Liang^1,³, Qingbin Song²(

), Naiqi Wu¹(

), Jinhui Li³, Yuan Zhong², Wenlei Zeng²

¹. Macao Institute of Systems Engineering, Macao University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
². Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macao University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
³. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

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Abstract

• Implication of COVID-19 on medical waste and MSW generation is studied.

• Challenges and effective strategy of solid waste generation is reviewed.

• 2.9 million tons of COVID-19 related medical waste has been generated until Sep. 22.

• The pandemic has postponed policies related to the reduction of plastic use.

• Blockade resulted in a significant drop in waste generation in some regions.

It has been over ten months since the beginning of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-2019), and its impact on solid waste management, especially medical waste, is becoming clearer. This study systematically reviews the potential influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical waste, personal protection equipment waste and municipal solid waste (MSW), and discusses the corresponding measures and policies of solid waste management in typical countries. The results show that the generation of medical waste from the pandemic increased significantly, with 18%‒425% growth. It is estimated that the daily output of COVID-19 medical waste increased from 200 t/d on Feb. 22 to over 29000 t/d at the end of September 2020 throughout the world. The use of personal protective equipment will continue to grow in the long-term, while the blockade and isolation measures greatly reduced the volume of commercial waste, especially for tourist cities, and part of this waste was transferred to household waste. Residents’ attitudes and behavior toward food waste have changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to the pandemic, international organizations and several countries have issued new policies and guidelines and adjusted their management strategies for medical waste and MSW treatment. The pandemic has brought specific challenges to the disposal capacity of medical waste worldwide. It has also brought about the stagnation of policies related to the reduction of plastic products and waste recycling. This study will provide some useful information for managers and governmental officials on effective solid waste management during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords COVID-19 Medical waste Personal protective equipment Municipal solid waste Waste management

Corresponding Author(s): Qingbin Song,Naiqi Wu

Issue Date: 05 March 2021

Cite this article:

Yangyang Liang,Qingbin Song,Naiqi Wu, et al. Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on solid waste generation and management strategies[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(6): 115.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-021-1407-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2021/V15/I6/115

Tab.1 A review on the environmental effects of the COVID-2019 pandemic

Tab.2 Medical waste generation in China

Tab.3 Medical waste generation in some regions

Fig.1 Estimation of COVID-19-related medical waste generation around the world. A. Medical waste generation on different dates; B. Medical waste generation in different countries on Sep 30, 2020 (any country with daily medical waste over 100 t).

Tab.4 Estimation of number of masks used in some studies

Tab.5 MSW generation in different regions

Guidelines and policies	Institution or country	Main content
• Water, sanitation, hygiene, and waste management for the COVID-19 virus: interim guidance • Water, sanitation, hygiene and waste management for COVID-19: technical brief	WHO	WHO’s guidance on virus-related water supply, sanitation, personal hygiene, and waste management for various types of viruses, including coronavirus.
• Waste Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: from response to recovery.	UNEP	Practical information, suggestions, and guidelines on Medical Waste Management and Municipal Solid Waste Management
• Factsheet on Environmentally Sound Management of Medical Waste	Basel Convention	Supports the implementation of the environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes and other wastes.
• Waste Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic	ISWA	Recommendations on three priorities for waste management
• Infection prevention and control in the household management of people with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19)	ECDC	Management of household waste
• Waste management in the context of the coronavirus crisis	EC	Provides guidance on preventing and reducing disruptions in the provision of proper waste management services.
• Guide on Management and Techniques of Emergency Treatment and Disposal of Medical Waste Caused by COVID-19 (Trial). • Notice on the Management of Medical Waste in Medical Institutions for COVID-19 • Work Plan for Comprehensive Waste Management in Medical Institutions	China	Management and technical guidelines on emergency treatment of medical waste for institutions
• Coronavirus (COVID-19): disposing of waste • COVID-19 waste management standard operating procedure • Cleansing and PPE waste at a healthcare waste management facility: RPS C1 • PPE waste from home healthcare workers treating patients with COVID-19: RPS C5	UK	Waste management approach for all healthcare facilities; How to dispose of personal or business waste, including face coverings and PPE
• Extraordinary measures for Safety Management of Wastes Related to COVID-19 • Guidelines for waste treatment in residential treatment centers	South Korea	Provides detailed management processes for medical waste from different sources
• Guidelines for Handling, Treatment, and Disposal of Waste Generated during Treatment/Diagnosis/Quarantine of COVID-19 Patients	India	Provides guidance on segregation of general solid waste and biomedical waste and recommead on disposal of PPEs
• Guidelines for the novel coronavirus infectious wastes	Japan	Types and characteristics of COVID-19 waste; messages when dealing with medical waste

Tab.6 The responding policies and guidance plans to the COVID-19 pandemic

Fig.2 Emergency disposal process and technical points in China.

Fig.3 Medical waste management system in South Korea (extract and organize from ESCAP, 2020).

Tab.7 Disinfection techniques for medical wastes

Fig.4 Guidance on waste collection priorities (extract from the guidance of the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, GOV.UK,2020a).

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