Effects of oxidizing environment on digestate humification and identification of substances governing the dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation process

doi:10.1007/s11783-022-1520-0

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (8) : 99 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-022-1520-0

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Effects of oxidizing environment on digestate humification and identification of substances governing the dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation process

Yingchao Zhang^1,², Hongqiong Zhang³, Xinwei Dong², Dongbei Yue²(

), Ling Zhou⁴

¹. Heibei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
². School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
³. College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
⁴. School of Mechanical Electrification Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China

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Abstract

• Liquid digestate humification was investigated under different oxidizing environment.

• Tryptophan-like substances dominated the transformation of the liquid digestate DOM.

• The humification sequence of the liquid digestate DOM was identified.

• UV₃₂₅ was first identified as a pre-humus intermediate during humification reaction.

The formation of humic-like acids (HLAs) is an essential process for converting liquid digestate into organic soil amendments to enhance agricultural sustainability. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of oxygen and/or MnO₂ on the production of HLAs. Herein, abiotic humification performance of the digestate dissolved organic matter (DOM) is investigated with fluxes of air and N₂ in the absence and presence of MnO₂. Our results demonstrated that the fate of digestate DOM greatly depends on the oxidizing environment, the MnO₂ enhanced nitrogen involved in the formation of HLAs. The synergistic effects of MnO₂ and oxygen effectively improved the production of HLAs, and the corresponding component evolution was analyzed using spectroscopic evidence. The two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy results demonstrated that the reaction sequence of digestate DOM followed the order of protein-like substances, substances with an absorbance at 325 nm, substances with UV absorbance at 254 nm and HLAs. Additionally, excitation emission matrix fluorescence combined with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) showed that tryptophan-like C3 was more prone to transformation than tyrosine-like C2 and was responsible for the humification process. The substance with an absorbance at 325 nm was a reaction intermediate in the transformation process of protein-like substances to HLAs. The above findings can be used to promote the production of liquid fertilizer associated with carbon sequestration as well as the sustainable development of biogas production.

Keywords Liquid digestate MnO₂ Oxygen DOM transformation Humic-like acids

Corresponding Author(s): Dongbei Yue

About author:

Tongcan Cui and Yizhe Hou contributed equally to this work.

Issue Date: 09 December 2021

Cite this article:

Yingchao Zhang,Hongqiong Zhang,Xinwei Dong, et al. Effects of oxidizing environment on digestate humification and identification of substances governing the dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation process[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(8): 99.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-022-1520-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2022/V16/I8/99

Fig.1 (a) Humification effect of MnO₂ in the liquid digestate reaction systems on the transformation of FLAs to HLAs under an air or N₂ atmosphere at 35℃ during the 180-h reaction period. (b) The concentrations of HLAs and FLAs isolated from the four reaction systems at 180 h. The [HLA]/[FLA] ratios were calculated based on the obtained DOC concentrations in the samples. The data points are given as the means with standard deviations.

Tab.1 Elemental composition of end HLAs

Fig.2 UV-Vis spectroscopy of liquid digestate: (a) 1D UV-Vis analysis and (b and c) 2D UV-Vis analysis. The spectra increased as the incubation time increased, and 2D UV-Vis analysis showed obvious peaks at 325 and 254 nm, indicating that 325 nm might be a characteristic peak during the transformation of humus precursors. The color change from blue to red illustrates the change in the correlation intensity from negative to positive.

Fig.3 Synchronous and asynchronous 2D-FTIR-COS spectra of DOM in contact with the liquid digestate interface in the region of 1800–1100 cm⁻¹ perturbed by increasing the reaction time from 0 h to 180 h: (1) 0–30 h; (2) 30–90 h; (3) 90–120 h; (4) 120–160 h; (5) 140–180 h. Red represents positive correlations, blue represents negative correlations, and a stronger color intensity indicates a higher positive or negative correlation.

Fig.4 PARAFAC model output showing the identified fluorescent components of C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 and the corresponding spectral loadings. (C1: biological HLAs; C2: tyrosine-like fluorophores; C3: tryptophan-like fraction; C4: terrestrial FLAs; C5: terrestrial HLAs).

Fig.5 PARAFAC model output showing the identified fluorescent components of C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 and the corresponding spectral loadings. (C1: biological HLAs; C2: tyrosine-like fluorophores; C3: tryptophan-like fraction; C4: terrestrial FLAs; C5: terrestrial HLAs).

Fig.6 Correlation between water quality parameters and fluorescence intensity.

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