The variation of DOM during long distance water transport by the China South to North Water Diversion Scheme and impact on drinking water treatment

doi:10.1007/s11783-024-1819-0

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (5) : 59 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-024-1819-0

The variation of DOM during long distance water transport by the China South to North Water Diversion Scheme and impact on drinking water treatment

Hankun Yang¹, Yujuan Li^1,², Hongyu Liu^1,³, Nigel J. D. Graham⁴, Xue Wu¹, Jiawei Hou⁵, Mengjie Liu¹, Wenyu Wang^1,⁶, Wenzheng Yu¹(

)

¹. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
². School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 266033, China
³. Colleges of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150006, China
⁴. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
⁵. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
⁶. State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane Processes, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China

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Abstract

● Variations of DOM in South-to-North Water Diversion is studied in winter and summer.

● Polysaccharides seriously fouled the UF membrane in summer.

● NF membrane fouling in winter was mainly caused by the DOM degradation products.

● DOM was more easily to form THMs in summer but HAAs in winter.

In this study, samples were taken from three locations, upstream to downstream, along the central route project of the China South to North Water Diversion (SNWD) scheme in summer and winter. These were used to reveal the variations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during the water transfer process, and the effects of these variations on drinking water treatment and disinfection by-products formation potential (DBPs-FP). The results showed that polysaccharides accumulate in summer and reduce in winter with flow distance, which has an important effect on the overall properties of DOM, as well as on the performance of coagulation, ultrafiltration, and the formation of DBPs. Humic substances, and their hydrophilic content, also increased in summer and decreased in winter with flow distance. In contrast, the concentration of small organic substances (MW ≤ 1000 Da) increased in both summer and winter with flow distance, which affected both nanofiltration (NF) membrane fouling and DBPs-FP. The results provide a useful case study of spatial and temporal changes in raw water DOM during long distance water transfer and their impact on the treatment and quality of drinking water from the SNWD.

Keywords Long-distance water transfer The China South to North Water Diversion Scheme Coagulation Membrane filtration Disinfection by-products

Corresponding Author(s): Wenzheng Yu

Issue Date: 22 February 2024

Cite this article:

Hankun Yang,Yujuan Li,Hongyu Liu, et al. The variation of DOM during long distance water transport by the China South to North Water Diversion Scheme and impact on drinking water treatment[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(5): 59.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-024-1819-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2024/V18/I5/59

Fig.1 Schematic of the central route project of the South to North Water Diversion (SNWD) and the sampling positions (a). The daily highest/lowest air temperatures around sampling data in summer (b) and winter (c).

Fig.2 Variation of raw water quality with flow distance: proportion of hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic substances in summer samples (a) and winter samples (b); PLS and PS concentration of summer samples (c) and winter samples (d); E2/E3-E2/E4 absorbance ratios of summer samples (e) and winter samples (f); MW distribution (HPSEC results) of summer samples (g) and winter samples (h); FTIR spectra of summer samples (i) and winter samples (j).

Fig.3 The variation of raw water quality with flow distance: EEM spectra of summer samples (a) and winter samples (b); FI (c), HIX (d), and BIX (e) of the samples (FI is the ratio of fluorescence intensity at λ_EM = 470 and λ_EM = 520 nm, λ_EX = 370 nm. HIX is the fluorescence peak area ratio of λ_EM = 435–480 and λ_EM = 300–345 nm, λ_EX = 254 nm. BIX is the ratio of fluorescence intensity at λ_EM = 380 and λ_EM = 430 nm, λ_EX = 370 nm).

Fig.4 The variation of coagulation performance with flow distance: Flocculation index (FI) versus time curves for the summer (a) and winter (b) samples; The hydrophobic/hydrophilic content of the summer (c) and winter (d) samples after coagulation; The removal rate of TOC and the UV₂₅₄ of the summer and winter (e) samples; The removal rate of PLS and PS of the summer and winter (f) samples (The UV₂₅₄ is the UV absorbance at 254 nm).

Fig.5 The variation of UF performance with flow distance: The flux of UF membrane during filtration for summer (a) and winter (b) samples; The hydrophilic/hydrophobic constituents of DOM in summer (c) and winter (d) samples after UF treatment; The reduction of TOC and UV₂₅₄ absorbance of summer and winter samples (e), and the removal rate of PLS, and PS of summer and winter samples (f) by UF treatment.

Fig.6 The variation of NF performance with flow distance: The flux of NF membrane during filtration for summer (a) and winter (b) samples; The hydrophilic/hydrophobic constituents of DOM in summer (c) and winter (d) samples after NF treatment; The reduction rate of TOC and UV₂₅₄ absorbance of summer and winter samples (e) by NF treatment.

Fig.7 The variation of DBPs-FP of the summer and winter samples without treatment (a) and (b), after coagulation (c) and (d), after UF treatment (e) and (f), and after UF treatment (g) and (h), with flow distance.

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