Singlet oxygen-dominated non-radical oxidation pathway for 2,4-Dichlorophenol degradation over CeO<sub>2</sub> coated carbon fibers

doi:10.1007/s11783-024-1912-4

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (12) : 152 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-024-1912-4

Singlet oxygen-dominated non-radical oxidation pathway for 2,4-Dichlorophenol degradation over CeO₂ coated carbon fibers

Yuexing Wei¹(

), Linyu Li¹, Bin Fang¹, Ziyue He¹, Jiansheng Zhang², Yuxun Zhang¹, Yuhong Qin¹(

), Chong He¹

¹. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
². Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy, Tsinghua University, Taiyuan 030006, China

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Abstract

● CeO₂ was uniformly coated on the surface of carbon fibers with fibrous structure.

● ¹O₂ are generated on the active sites of Vo and C=O for CeO₂@CF.

● A large number of electron-rich oxygen vacancies formation inside CeO₂@CF.

● Complete degradation of 50 mg/L 2,4-DCP was realized with good mineralization.

● It shows good purification ability for actual coking wastewater.

CeO₂ was uniformly coated onto the surface of carbon fibers (CF) and the resulting CeO₂@CF was employed for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Under the initial conditions of a PMS concentration of 10 mmol/L, pH range of 3 to 9 and a CeO₂@CF mass concentration of 0.1 g/L, the system achieved complete degradation of 50 mg/L of 2,4-DCP with high mineralization efficiency within 60 min. Additionally, the CeO₂@CF/PMS system showed high efficiency in the presence of coexisted anions (HCO₃⁻, CO₃²⁻, SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻) and exhibited excellent purification capability for actual coking wastewater. Combined with characterization analyses (SEM-EDS, XRD, Raman, XPS, and EPR), degradation experiments and radical quenching experiments, the physicochemical properties of the prepared catalyst and the 2,4-DCP degradation mechanism were explored. Results revealed that CeO₂ was uniformly coated on the CF surface, maintaining a regular framework structure. During this process, Ce⁴⁺ in CeO₂ was reduced to Ce³⁺, resulting in numerous electron-rich oxygen vacancies forming inside CeO₂@CF. Furthermore, the CeO₂ coating increased the amount of oxygen-containing groups (C=O) on the surface of CF and graphite defects. In the CeO₂@CF/PMS system, •O₂⁻ and ¹O₂ were generated at the active sites of the oxygen vacancies (Vo) and C=O with ¹O₂ dominated non-free radical pathway and played a notable role in the 2,4-DCP degradation process.

Keywords Carbon fiber CeO₂ Non-radical 2,4-DCP Catalytic degradation

Corresponding Author(s): Yuexing Wei,Yuhong Qin

Issue Date: 08 October 2024

Cite this article:

Yuexing Wei,Linyu Li,Bin Fang, et al. Singlet oxygen-dominated non-radical oxidation pathway for 2,4-Dichlorophenol degradation over CeO₂ coated carbon fibers[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(12): 152.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-024-1912-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2024/V18/I12/152

Fig.1 SEM-EDS images of CF and CeO₂@CF (a) SEM image of CF magnified 1000 times; (b) SEM image of CeO₂@CF magnified 1000 times; (c–f) SEM-EDS surface scanning image of fresh CeO₂@CF magnified 10000 times; (g–i) SEM-EDS of CF magnified 10000 times.

Fig.2 XRD patterns (a−b), Raman (c), FT-IR (d) of fresh CF, CeO₂, and CeO₂@CF.

Fig.3 XPS spectra of fresh CF and CeO₂@CF with high-resolution narrow scans, (a) C 1s core level, (b) O 1s core level, (c) Ce 3d core level, respectively.

Fig.4 (a) 2,4-DCP degradation efficiency over xCeO₂@CF/PMS system with varies CeO₂ contents, (b) Extraction of 2,4-DCP with ethanol after 3 h of reaction, Reaction conditions: [catalyst] = 0.3 g/L, [PMS] = 10 mmol/L, [2,4-DCP] = 50 mg/L, pH = 6.6, t = 30 °C.

Fig.5 (a) 2,4-DCP degradation efficiency of different catalytic systems, (b) extraction of 2,4-DCP with ethanol after 3 h of reaction, (c) TOC removal curves, Effects of the (d) catalyst dosage, (e) PMS concentration, (f) concentration of 2,4-DCP, (g) initial pH, (h) 10 mmol/L coexisting anions, (i) different pollutants. Reaction conditions: (a–b) [CeO₂@CF] = 0.3 g/L, (d) [CeO₂@CF] = 0.3 g/L, [PMS] = 10 mmol/L, [2,4-DCP] = 50 mg/L, pH = 6.6, t = 30 °C.

Fig.6 (a) 3D-EEM of coking wastewater, (b) 3D-EEM of coking wastewater containing 2,4-DCP, (c) 3D-EEM of coking wastewater after reacting for 45 min, (d) 3D-EEM of coking wastewater containing 2,4-DCP after reacting for 45 min.

Fig.7 (a) Effect of radical scavengers on 2,4-DCP degradation efficiency in the CeO₂@CF/PMS system, (b) EPR spectrum of ¹O₂ radicals in CeO₂@CF/PMS system, as well as (c) EPR spectrum of •O₂⁻. Reaction conditions: [2,4-DCP]? = 50? mg/L, [PMS] = 10.0? mmol/L, [CeO₂@CF] = 0.1? g/L, [MeOH] = [TBA]? = ?600 mmol/L, [p-BQ] = 120? mmol/L, [FFA] = [L-Histidine]? = 100? mmol/L.

Fig.8 Possible mechanisms of the ¹O₂ and •O₂⁻-dominated PMS activation by CeO₂@CF for 2,4-DCP degradation.

Fig.9 Proposed degradation pathways of 2,4-DCP.

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