Sustainable wood-based nanotechnologies for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in aquatic environment

doi:10.1007/s11783-020-1346-6

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (4) : 54 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1346-6

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Sustainable wood-based nanotechnologies for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in aquatic environment

Xinyi Liu¹, Caichao Wan^1,⁴(

), Xianjun Li¹, Song Wei¹, Luyu Zhang¹, Wenyan Tian¹, Ken-Tye Yong³, Yiqiang Wu¹, Jian Li²(

)

¹. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
². Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
³. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
⁴. Yihua Lifestyle Technology Co., Ltd, Huaidong Industrial Zone, Lianxia Town, Chenghai District, Shantou 515834, China

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Abstract

•Wood and its reassemblies are ideal substrates to develop novel photocatalysts.

•Synthetic methods and mechanisms of wood-derived photocatalysts are summarized.

•Advances in wood-derived photocatalysts for organic pollutant removal are summed up.

•Metal doping, morphology control and semiconductor coupling methods are highlighted.

•Structure-activity relationship and catalytic mechanism of photocatalysts are given.

Wood-based nanotechnologies have received much attention in the area of photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in aquatic environment in recent years, because of the high abundance and renewability of wood as well as the high reaction activity and unique structural features of these materials. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the current research activities centering on the development of wood-based nanocatalysts for photodegradation of organic pollutants. This review begins with a brief introduction of the development of photocatalysts and hierarchical structure of wood. The review then focuses on strategies of designing novel photocatalysts based on wood or its recombinants (such as 1D fiber, 2D films and 3D porous gels) using advanced nanotechnology including sol-gel method, hydrothermal method, magnetron sputtering method, dipping method and so on. Next, we highlight typical approaches that improve the photocatalytic property, including metal element doping, morphology control and semiconductor coupling. Also, the structure-activity relationship of photocatalysts is emphasized. Finally, a brief summary and prospect of wood-derived photocatalysts is provided.

Keywords Wood Nanocatalysts Photodegradation Organic contaminants Composites

Corresponding Author(s): Caichao Wan,Jian Li

Issue Date: 10 November 2020

Cite this article:

Xinyi Liu,Caichao Wan,Xianjun Li, et al. Sustainable wood-based nanotechnologies for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in aquatic environment[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 54.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-020-1346-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2021/V15/I4/54

Fig.1 Three kinds of common TiO₂ crystals.

Fig.2 Hierarchical structure of wood: from tree to cellulose molecule chains (from m to nm).

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of representative synthetic methods of photocatalytic materials with different micromorphologies. (i?vi) SEM images of TiO₂ and ZnO with different micromorphologies (i. Adapted from ^{Wu et al. (2014)} with the permission of the Elsevier; ii. Adapted from ^{Gao et al. (2015)} with the permission of the Elsevier; iii. Adapted from ^{Wang et al. ( 2011b)}with the permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry; iv. Adapted from ^{Wahab et al. (2007)} with the permission of the Elsevier; v. Adapted from ^{Meng et al. (2015)} with the permission of the Elsevier; vi. Adapted from Hong et al. (2015) with the permission of the Elsevier).

Fig.4 Schematic representation of the photocatalytic mechanism of wood-derived photocatalysts (typically including wood-supported TiO₂ or ZnO). (i) Construction of semiconductor heterostructures (type I, II and III) to improve the efficiency of photoinduced charge separation; (ii) electron hole transfer for type II and direct Z-type heterojunctions (i. Adapted from ^{Wang et al. (2013)}. with the permission of the publishes; ii. Adapted from ^{Xu et al. (2018)} with the permission of the Elsevier).

Fig.5 Improvement of photocatalytic activity by metal element doping. (a) Mechanism diagram of element doping; (b) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of TiO₂/Ag; (c) XRD patterns of TiO₂/Ag and pure TiO₂ nanosponge; (d) photocatalytic degradation property before and after the doping toward aqueous salicylic acid (a. Adapted from ^{Shi et al. (2017)} with the permission of the American Chemical Society; b?d. Adapted from ^{Yu et al. (2012)} with the permission of the American Chemical Society) .

Fig.6 Micromorphology, chemical composition and photocatalytic property of Fe³⁺-doped STCF. (a) Joint surface between Fe³⁺-doped STCF and wood; (b) EDX pattern and (c) XPS survey spectrum of STCF-1; (d) Ti2p and (e) Fe2p XPS spectra of Fe³⁺ -doped STCF; (f) relationship between Fe³⁺ doping content and degradation of MO (Adapted from ^{Xuan et al. (2018)} with the permission of the Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute).

Fig.7 Improved of photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanostructures by micromorphology control. (a?c) TEM images of THSs, TNSs and ANRs; (d) formation mechanisms of different TiO₂ nanostructures (Adapted from Zhu and Hu. (2018) with the permission of the Elsevier) .

Fig.8 Improvement of photocatalytic property of W-BMO by micromorphology control. (a) SEM images of W-BMO samples at different pH; (b) photocatalytic degradation efficiency of RhB; (c) UV-Vis DRS. (Adapted from ^{Li et al. (2018)}with the permission of the Elsevier) .

Fig.9 Synthesis scheme of WO₃/TiO₂-wood fiber photocatalysts (Adapted from ^{Gao et al. (2017)} with the permission of the Springer Nature) .

Fig.10 Microstructure, surface area and photocatalytic activity of wood fiber-supported heterostructured WO₃/TiO₂ photocatalysts. (a) N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms and the inset shows the pore size distributions; SEM images of (b) actinomorphic WO₃ flowers and (c) of spherical TiO₂; (d?f) the concentration percentage (C/C₀) of photocatalytic RhB (d), MB (e) and MO (f) using different photocatalysts (Adapted from ^{Gao et al. (2017)} with the permission of the Springer Nature) .

Fig.11 Photocatalytic mechanism of the coupled WO₃/TiO₂ using wood fiber as the substrate (Adapted from ^{Gao et al. (2017)} with the permission of the Springer Nature) .

Fig.12 Preparation strategy, microstructure, and photocatalytic activity of WFBA sponge. (a) Fabrication of WFBA sponge; (b) TEM image of the WFBA; (c) HRTEM image of WFBA indicating the lattice spacings of BiOBr and AgBr; (d) photographs and (e) FTIR spectra before and after RhB degradation (Adapted from ^{Xu et al. (2019)} with the permission of the Elsevier) .

Fig.13 Removal ability of g-C₃N₄/cellulose hybrid photocatalyst for MB. (a) Schematic diagram of the repeating unit of cellulose chain; (b) Contributions of adsorption and photocatalysis under visible-light irradiation of different samples for MB degradation; (c) schematic illustration of g-C₃N₄/cellulose hybrid photocatalyst for MB degradation (a. Adapted from ^{Wan et al. (2019b)} with the permission of the Elsevier; b. Adapted from ^{Bai et al. (2020)} with the permission of the Elsevier) .

Fig.14 Recyclability of CN@nTiO₂, CoFe₂O₄@MC, Ba/Alg/CMC/TiO₂ and SiW₁₂/CA. (a) UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis of the photocatalytic decoloration of MB; (b) recyclability of CN@nTiO₂; (c) magnetization curve of CoFe₂O₄@MC with the inset showing the magnetic separation phenomenon; (d) recycling and reuse of nanoCoFe₂O₄@MC for MNZ degradation; (e) photodegradation and adsorption and (f) cyclicity of Ba/Alg/CMC/TiO₂ on CR; (g) effect of mass ratios of SiW₁₂ and CA on degradation efficiency of MO and TC; (h?i) recyclability of SiW₁₂/CA for (h) MO and (i) TC. (a?b. Adapted from ^{Morshed et al. (2020)} with the permission of the Elsevier; c?d. Adapted from ^{Nasiri et al. (2019)} with the permission of the Springer; e-f. Adapted from ^{Thomas et al. (2016)} with the permission of the Elsevier; g?i. Adapted from ^{Li et al. (2017)} with the permission of the Elsevier) .

Tab.1 Preparation method, micromorphology, and their photocatalytic activity of recently reported wood or its reassemblies-based photocatalysts.

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