Regulation of neural stem cell by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling during brain development

doi:10.1007/s11515-010-0860-5

Front Biol

2010, Vol. 5

Issue (5) : 380-385 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-010-0860-5

REVIEW

Regulation of neural stem cell by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling during brain development

Yiming SUN, Zhiheng XU(

)

The Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

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Abstract

Neurogenesis is the process in which neurons are generated from neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs). It involves the proliferation and neuronal fate specification/differentiation of NSCs, as well as migration, maturation and functional integration of the neuronal progeny into neuronal network. NSCs exhibit the two essential properties of stem cells: self-renewal and multipotency. Contrary to previous dogma that neurogenesis happens only during development, it is generally accepted now that neurogenesis can take place throughout life in mammalian brains. This raises a new therapeutic potential of applying stem cell therapy for stroke, neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases. However, the maintenance and differentiation of NSCs/NPCs are tightly controlled by the extremely intricate molecular networks. Uncovering the underlying mechanisms that drive the differentiation, migration and maturation of specific neuronal lineages for use in regenerative medicine is, therefore, crucial for the application of stem cell for clinical therapy as well as for providing insight into the mechanisms of human neurogenesis. Here, we focus on the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in NSCs during mammalian brain development.

Keywords Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) neural stem cell neural progenitor cell neural differentiation neuronal migration brain development collapsing response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2)

Corresponding Author(s): XU Zhiheng,Email:zhxu@genetics.ac.cn

Issue Date: 01 October 2010

Cite this article:

Yiming SUN,Zhiheng XU. Regulation of neural stem cell by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling during brain development[J]. Front Biol, 2010, 5(5): 380-385.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/10.1007/s11515-010-0860-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/Y2010/V5/I5/380

Fig.1 In the ventricular zone (VZ) of the developing neocortex, neural stem cells (NSCs) keep proliferating and one of the daughter cells exits from the cell cycle. The newly born postmitotic cells become multipolar in subventricular zone (SVZ) and lower intermediate zone (IZ) and change to appear bipolar in the IZ and cortical plate (CP). During this process, the postmitotic cells undergo neuronal differentiation and neuronal migration.

Fig.2 Schematic diagram showing the role of BMP-SMAD signaling in regulating expression and in brain development. A: In the presence of BMPs, SMADs are activated to suppress the expression of , which in turn prevents premature neuron development during early brain development. B: In the absence of BMP, R-SMADs are not activated, leading to the derepression of , which plays roles in multiple stages of neuron development including (1) transition of multipolar subventricular zone (SVZ) cells to the bipolar migratory cells; (2) radial migration of bipolar cells; and (3) neurite outgrowth in cerebral cortex. BMP: bone morphogenetic protein; IZ: intermediate zone; VZ: ventricular zone.

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