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Front. Biol.    2016, Vol. 11 Issue (6) : 459-470    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-016-1427-x
REVIEW
Neuronal activity controls the development of interneurons in the somatosensory cortex
Rachel Babij1,2,Natalia De Marco Garcia1()
1. Center for Neurogenetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
2. Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, USA
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Neuronal activity in cortical areas regulates neurodevelopment by interacting with defined genetic programs to shape the mature central nervous system. Electrical activity is conveyed to sensory cortical areas via intracortical and thalamocortical neurons, and includes oscillatory patterns that have been measured across cortical regions.

OBJECTIVE: In this work, we review the most recent findings about how electrical activity shapes the developmental assembly of functional circuitry in the somatosensory cortex, with an emphasis on interneuron maturation and integration. We include studies on the effect of various neurotransmitters and on the influence of thalamocortical afferent activity on circuit development. We additionally reviewed studies describing network activity patterns.

METHODS: We conducted an extensive literature search using both the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. The following keywords were used in various iterations: “interneuron”, “somatosensory”, “development”, “activity”, “network patterns”, “thalamocortical”, “NMDA receptor”, “plasticity”. We additionally selected papers known to us from past reading, and those recommended to us by reviewers and members of our lab.

RESULTS: We reviewed a total of 132 articles that focused on the role of activity in interneuronal migration, maturation, and circuit development, as well as the source of electrical inputs and patterns of cortical activity in the somatosensory cortex. 79 of these papers included in this timely review were written between 2007 and 2016.

CONCLUSIONS: Neuronal activity shapes the developmental assembly of functional circuitry in the somatosensory cortical interneurons. This activity impacts nearly every aspect of development and acquisition of mature neuronal characteristics, and may contribute to changing phenotypes, altered transmitter expression, and plasticity in the adult. Progressively changing oscillatory network patterns contribute to this activity in the early postnatal period, although a direct requirement for specific patterns and origins of activity remains to be demonstrated.
Keywords interneuron      neurodevelopment      neuroplasticity      thalamocortical      NMDA receptors      neuronal maturation     
Corresponding Author(s): Natalia De Marco Garcia   
Just Accepted Date: 08 November 2016   Online First Date: 01 December 2016    Issue Date: 26 December 2016
 Cite this article:   
Rachel Babij,Natalia De Marco Garcia. Neuronal activity controls the development of interneurons in the somatosensory cortex[J]. Front. Biol., 2016, 11(6): 459-470.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/10.1007/s11515-016-1427-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/Y2016/V11/I6/459
Fig.1  Activity-dependent development of somatosensory cortex interneurons. Cortical interneurons (IN) follow a defined sequence of development, shown above. (Green – proliferation, light blue – tangential migration, blue – radial migration, navy – morphogenesis, purples – synaptic integration, transmitter expression, and mature characteristics.) (A) Timeline of interneuron development with summary of major findings of activity influence. 1 – Close et al., 2012; 2 – Denaxa et al., 2012; 3 – Bortone and Polleux, 2009; 4 – De Marco Garcia et al., 2011; 5 – Murthy et al., 2014; 6 – De Marco Garcia et al., 2015; 7 – Baho and DiCristo, 2012; 8 – Wu et al., 2012; 9 – Ji et al., 2006; 10 – Tuncdemir et al., 2016; 11 – Rutherford et al., 1997; 12 – Huang et al., 2007; 13 – Liang et al., 1996; 14 – Mix et al., 2015; 15 – Giardalski et al., 2001; 16 – Dehorter et al., 2015; 17-Campanac et al., 2013 (B) Cortical IN are born in the ganglionic eminences of the ventral telencephalon (1) and migrate tangentially to their cortical destination (2). Within the cortex, they migrate radially to the laminae (3), undergo morphological maturation (4), then begin to integrate into nascent networks and express characteristic transmitters, neuropeptides and calcium binding proteins (5). Neuronal activity is required along the way as these neurons acquire their mature characteristics.
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