Energy consumption of 270 schools in Tianjin, China

doi:10.1007/s11708-015-0352-z

Front. Energy

2015, Vol. 9

Issue (2) : 217-230 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-015-0352-z

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Energy consumption of 270 schools in Tianjin, China

Jincheng XING, Junjie CHEN, Jihong LING(

)

School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

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Abstract

With the rapid development of education cause, the increasing energy consumption of school buildings is gradually causing widespread concern in recent years in China. This paper presented an analysis of energy consumption of 270 schools located in the city of Tianjin, China. The analysis focused specifically on calculating the space heating energy consumption indexes and non-heating energy consumption indexes of different types of schools, aiming at providing reliable and precise data for the government to elaborate policies and measures. The space heating energy consumption of schools adopting district heating and gas boiler were 92.04 kWh/(m²·a) and 64.25 kWh/(m²·a), respectively. Comparing to the schools without a canteen, the non-heating energy consumption index of schools with a canteen can increase by 8%–37%. Furthermore, clustering of different energy sources, the total primary energy consumption indexes were also presented. Space heating energy consumption accounted for approximately 64%–79% of the total primary energy consumption. When using time-sharing control and self-contained gas boiler instead of district heating, an amount of almost 27.8 kWh/(m²·a) and 77.5 kWh/(m²·a) can be saved respectively. Through extensive statistical analysis of the data collected, this paper demonstrated that gross floor area, heating energy source and canteen had a close relationship with the total primary energy consumption regarding complete schools. Eventually, a linear regression equation was established to make a simple prediction about the total energy consumption of existing complete schools and to estimate the energy consumption of complete schools to be built.

Keywords schools energy consumption index primary energy energy saving regression analysis

Corresponding Author(s): Jihong LING

Just Accepted Date: 28 January 2015 Online First Date: 16 March 2015 Issue Date: 29 May 2015

Cite this article:

Jincheng XING,Junjie CHEN,Jihong LING. Energy consumption of 270 schools in Tianjin, China[J]. Front. Energy, 2015, 9(2): 217-230.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-015-0352-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2015/V9/I2/217

Fig.1 Efficiency of the gas boiler

Fig.2 Typical annual daily dry bulb temperature in Tianjin

Fig.3 Specific space heating energy consumption indexes per unit gross floor area of the 19 schools

Fig.4 Specific space heating energy consumption indexes per total number of students and teachers of the 19 schools

Tab.1 Mean values of specific heating energy consumptions

Fig.5 Non-heating energy consumption indexes per unit gross floor area of complete schools

Fig.6 Non-heating energy consumption indexes per unit gross floor area of secondary schools

Fig.7 Non-heating energy consumption indexes per unit gross floor area of primary schools

Fig.8 Non-heating energy consumption indexes per unit gross floor area of kindergartens

Fig.9 Non-heating energy consumption indexes per total number of students and teachers of complete schools

Fig.10 Non-heating energy consumption indexes per total number of students and teachers of secondary schools

Fig.11 Non-heating energy consumption indexes per total number of students and teachers of primary schools

Fig.12 Non-heating energy consumption indexes per total number of students and teachers of kindergartens

Tab.2 Conversion factors of consumed energy

Tab.3 Descriptive statistics of primary heating energy consumption

Tab.4 Primary energy consumption indexes

Tab.5 Independent variables for selected complete schools

Tab.6 Statistics of basic data

Tab.7 Summary of partial correlation value

Tab.8 Coefficients of regression model

Fig.13 Comparison of actual and predicted values of TPEC for complete schools

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