A valveless piezoelectric pump with novel flow path design of function of rectification to improve energy efficiency

doi:10.1007/s11465-022-0685-3

Front. Mech. Eng.

2022, Vol. 17

Issue (3) : 29 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-022-0685-3

RESEARCH ARTICLE

A valveless piezoelectric pump with novel flow path design of function of rectification to improve energy efficiency

Jianhui ZHANG, Xiaosheng CHEN, Zhenlin CHEN, Jietao DAI, Fan ZHANG, Mingdong MA, Yuxuan HUO, Zhenzhen GUI(

)

School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China

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Abstract

Existing valveless piezoelectric pumps are mostly based on the flow resistance mechanism to generate unidirectional fluid pumping, resulting in inefficient energy conversion because the majority of mechanical energy is consumed in terms of parasitic loss. In this paper, a novel tube structure composed of a Y-shaped tube and a ȹ-shaped tube was proposed considering theory of jet inertia and vortex dissipation for the first time to improve energy efficiency. After verifying its feasibility through the flow field simulation, the proposed tubes were integrated into a piezo-driven chamber, and a novel valveless piezoelectric pump with the function of rectification (NVPPFR) was reported. Unlike previous pumps, the reported pump directed the reflux fluid to another flow channel different from the pumping fluid, thus improving pumping efficiency. Then, mathematical modeling was established, including the kinetic analysis of vibrator, flow loss analysis of fluid, and pumping efficiency. Eventually, experiments were designed, and results showed that NVPPFR had the function of rectification and net pumping effect. The maximum flow rate reached 6.89 mL/min, and the pumping efficiency was up to 27%. The development of NVPPFR compensated for the inefficiency of traditional valveless piezoelectric pumps, broadening the application prospect in biomedicine and biology fields.

Keywords composite tube valveless piezoelectric pump rectification energy efficiency

Corresponding Author(s): Zhenzhen GUI

About author: Tongcan Cui and Yizhe Hou contributed equally to this work.

Just Accepted Date: 28 April 2022 Issue Date: 22 September 2022

Cite this article:

Jianhui ZHANG,Xiaosheng CHEN,Zhenlin CHEN, et al. A valveless piezoelectric pump with novel flow path design of function of rectification to improve energy efficiency[J]. Front. Mech. Eng., 2022, 17(3): 29.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fme/EN/10.1007/s11465-022-0685-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fme/EN/Y2022/V17/I3/29

Fig.1 Structure of composite tube and schematic diagram of rectification. (a) Structure of composite tube, (b) flows of fluid through composite tube in different directions, (c) flows of fluid at Section A, (d) flows of fluid at Section B.

Fig.2 Simulation results of velocity field on the composite tube in (a) direction 1 on x?y plane and (b) direction 2 on x?y plane.

Fig.3 Simulation results of velocity under inlets with different pressures in directions (a) 1 and (b) 2, velocity of fluid varies with the inlet pressure. (c) Simulation results of velocity ratios vary with pressure.

Fig.4 Structure and working principle of NVPPFR. (a) Structure of NVPPFR, (b) partial view of NVPPFR, (c) flow mechanism during suction, (d) flow mechanism during discharge, (e) calculated fluid pressure at different locations.

Tab.1 Structural parameters of piezoelectric pumps

Tab.2 Structural parameters of vibrator

Fig.5 Performance test of NVPPFR. (a) Bottom and (b) front views of pump; (c) diagram of experimental setups; (d) amplitude test; (e) pressure test.

Fig.6 Amplitude and kinetic energy of vibrators over different pumps. Variation of amplitude with (a) frequency and (b) voltage, and variation of kinetic energy per unit mass with (c) frequency and (d) voltage.

Fig.7 Distribution of kinetic energy on piezoelectric vibrator. Distribution of kinetic energy on (a) x?y plane and (b) x?y?z space.

Fig.8 Flow rate at measurement times of 20, 40, and 60 s.

Fig.9 Net flow rate of different pumps. Variation of net flow rate with (a) frequency and (b) voltage.

Fig.10 Pressure change of fluid in Channel 2. Variation of fluid pressure with (a) time and (b) frequency.

Fig.11 Calculated results of conversion efficiency for outer joint and Channel 2.

Fig.12 Comparison between previous fluid diodes and the proposed fluid rectifier diode: working principle of (a) previous fluid diodes and (b) the proposed fluid rectifier diodes.

Fig.A1 Model of fluid dynamics in composite tube: fluid dynamics at (a) Section A and (b) Section B.

$b half- i$	Half characteristic thickness of jet in direction i
$b thi- i$	Jet thickness in direction i
$C ε$	Damping of the vibrator
$C H$	Attachment damping causing by fluid coupling
d	Diameter of cross-section of tube
D	Diameter of pump chamber
D₀	Diameter of piezoelectric vibrator
E	Mechanical energy generated by the deformation of entire surface of piezoelectric vibrator
E₀	Initial kinetic energy of fluid
$Δ E$	Kinetic energy loss of fluid
$E i r$	Kinetic energy of the fluid
$Δ E i$	Total energy loss of fluid flowing
$Δ E i e$	Extra kinetic energy loss of fluid
$Δ E i r$	Kinetic energy loss of fluid
$E (r, θ)$	Kinetic energy at the point above the piezoelectric vibrator
$f$	Working frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator
$f max$	Function that takes the maximum value
$f min$	Function that takes the minimum value
$f n$	Resonance frequency
$F$	Vector sum of the exciting force
$h$	Chamber height
$H$	Distance between composite tubes and pump chamber
$K$	Stiffness of the elastic system
$K H$	Attachment stiffness causing by fluid coupling
$K ε$	Stiffness of the vibrator
$L 1$	Length of the confluence tube
$L 2$	Length of the straight tube
$l i r$	Prandtl mixing length
$m$	Mass of the piezoelectric vibrator
$M$	Mass of elastic system
$M H$	Attachment mass causing by fluid coupling
$M ε$	Mass of the vibrator
$P f$ , $P r$	Forward and reverse pressures, respectively
$q$ , $q ˙$ , $q ¨$	Displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the piezoelectric vibrator, respectively
$Q$	Flow rate of pump
$R 0$	Radius of bend tube
R₁, R₂	Radii of the semi-arc tube
$s$	Distance between chamber outlets
$S$	Sectional area of the composite tube
$t$	Time
$u$	Sum of velocity vectors of fluid at the outer joint
$u 0$	Fluid velocity of the chamber outlet
$u 1 m$	Maximum velocity of the fluid flowing in direction 1 at cross-section $m ′ n ′$
$u m ′ n ′$	Velocity of the fluid on the cross-section $m ′ n ′$
$Δ V$	Volume variation of pump chamber in a half period
$(r, θ)$	Polar point
$α$	Bifurcation angle of tubes
$β$	Diffusion angle of jet flow
$ε coef- i$	Thickness diffusion coefficient in direction i
$ρ$	Density of the fluid
$η$	Pumping efficiency in the outer joint
$η r$	Pumping efficiency in Channel r
$ζ i r$	Energy loss coefficient in the direction i inside flow channel r
$ζ i e$	Extra energy loss coefficient when fluid flowed in the direction i
$τ i r 1$	Shear stress in the direction i
$τ i r 2$	Turbulent shear stress in the direction i
$λ i$	Velocity ratios of fluid between Channels 1 and 2
$μ i r$	Dynamic coefficient of viscosity
$d μ i r d y i r$	Velocity gradient of fluid
Subscript
i (i = 1,2)	Flow direction i
r (r = 1,2)	Flow channel $r$

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