Electrochemical preparation and electrochemical behavior of polypyrrole/carbon nanotube composite films

doi:10.1007/s11706-009-0025-0

Front Mater Sci Chin

2009, Vol. 3

Issue (2) : 194-200 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-009-0025-0

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Electrochemical preparation and electrochemical behavior of polypyrrole/carbon nanotube composite films

Xue-tong ZHANG^1,2(

), Wen-hui SONG¹

1. School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology,; 2. Wolfson Center for Materials Processing, Brunel University, West London UB8 3PH, UK

Download: PDF(413 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

Polypyrrole/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) composite films were electrochemically deposited in the presence of an ionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), acting as both supporting electrolyte and dispersant. The effects of the surfactant and the MWNT concentrations on the structure of the resulting composite films were investigated. The electrochemical behavior of the resulting polypyrrole/MWNT composite film was investigated as well by cyclic voltammogram. The effect of the additional alternating electric field applied during the constant direct potential electrochemical deposition on the morphology and electrochemical behavior of the resulting composite film was also investigated in this study.

Keywords carbon nanotubes conducting polymers electrochemical polymerization electrochemical capacitors nanocomposites surfactant

Corresponding Author(s): ZHANG Xue-tong,Email:zhangxt@bit.edu.cn

Issue Date: 05 June 2009

Cite this article:

Xue-tong ZHANG,Wen-hui SONG. Electrochemical preparation and electrochemical behavior of polypyrrole/carbon nanotube composite films[J]. Front Mater Sci Chin, 2009, 3(2): 194-200.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-009-0025-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2009/V3/I2/194

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of two different configurations of electrochemical cells

Tab.1 Two different aqueous electrolyte solutions

Fig.2 SEM images of MWNTs dispersed in distilled water and in 0.02 mol·L SDS aqueous solution

Fig.3 Cyclic voltammograms of bare Au electrode in Electrolyte 2 containing 0.02 mol·L SDS, 50 mmol·L pyrrole and 0.85 g·L MWNTs

Fig.4 SEM images of the resulting polypyrrole/MWNTs composite films obtained by constant potential electro-deposition in two different electrolytes: obtained from Electrolyte 1; cross-section of (a); obtained from Electrolyte 2; cross-section of (c)

Fig.5 CV curves of the resulting polypyrrole/MWNTs composite films obtained in the conditions of potential range from -0.2 to 0.5 V (vs. SCE), scan rate 50 mV/s and 0.5 mol/L NaSO aqueous solution; Curve 1 shows the CV behavior of the resulting composite film deposited from Electrolyte 1, and Curve 2 the CV behavior of the resulting composite film deposited from Electrolyte 2.

Fig.6 SEM images of the resulting polypyrrole/MWNTs composite films deposited by using Cell 1 and Cell 2

Fig.7 CV curves of the resulting polypyrrole/MWNTs composite films obtained in the condition of potential range from -0.2 to 0.5 V (vs. SCE), scan rate 50 mV/s and 0.5 mol/L NaSO aqueous solution; Curve in black color indicates the CV behavior of the resulting composite film deposited by using Cell 1, and Curve in red color the CV behavior of the resulting composite film deposited by using Cell 2.

1	Odom T W, Huang J, Kim P, . Atomic structure and electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nature , 1998, 391: 62–64 doi: 10.1038/34145
2	Baughman R H, Zakhidov A A, de Heer W A. Carbon nanotubes-the route toward applications. Science , 2002, 297: 787–792 doi: 10.1126/science.1060928
3	Krishnan A, Dujardin E, Ebbesen T W. Young’s modulus of single-walled nanotubes. Physical Review B , 1998, 58: 14013–14019 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.14013
4	Dai H. Carbon nanotubes: synthesis, integration, and properties. Accounts of Chemical Research , 2002, 35(12): 1035–1044 doi: 10.1021/ar0101640
5	Harris P J F. Carbon nanotube composites. International Materials Reviews , 2004, 49: 31–43 doi: 10.1179/095066004225010505
6	Biercuk M J, Llaguno M C, Radosavljevic M., . Carbon nanotube composites for thermal management. Applied Physics Letters , 2002, 80: 2767–2769 doi: 10.1063/1.1469696
7	Woo H S, Czerw R, Webster S. Hole blocking in carbon nanotube-polymer composite organic light-emitting diodes based on poly (m-phenylene vinylene-co-2, 5-dioctoxy-p-phenylene vinylene). Applied Physics Letters , 2000, 77: 1393–1395 doi: 10.1063/1.1290275
8	Qian D, Dickey E C, Andrews R, . Load transfer and deformation mechanisms in carbon nanotube-polystyrene composites. Applied Physics Letters , 2000, 76: 2868–2870 doi: 10.1063/1.126500
9	Zhang X, Song W, Harris P J F, . Chiral polymer-carbon nanotube composite nanofibers. Advanced Materials , 2007, 19: 1079–1083 doi: 10.1002/adma.200601886
10	Girifalco L A, Hodak M, Lee R S. Carbon nanotubes, buckyballs, ropes, and a universal graphitic potential. Physical Review B , 2000, 62: 13104–13110 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.13104
11	Bahr J L, Yang J P, Kosynkin D V, . Functionalization of carbon nanotubes by electrochemical reduction of aryl diazonium salts: a bucky paper electrode. Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2001, 123(27): 6536–6542 doi: 10.1021/ja010462s
12	Georgakilas V, Kordatos K, Prato M, . Organic functionalization of carbon nanotubes. Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2002, 124(5): 760–761 doi: 10.1021/ja016954m
13	Sun Y, Wilson S R, Schuster D I. High dissolution and strong light emission of carbon nanotubes in aromatic amine solvents. Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2001, 123(22): 5348–5349 doi: 10.1021/ja0041730
14	Chen R J, Zhang Y, Wang D, . Noncovalent sidewall functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for protein immobilization. Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2001, 123(16): 3838–3839 doi: 10.1021/ja010172b
15	Kang Y, Taton T A. Micelle-encapsulated carbon nanotubes: a route to nanotube composites. Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2003, 125(19): 5650–5651 doi: 10.1021/ja034082d
16	Islam M F, Rojas E, Bergey D M, . High weight fraction surfactant solubilization of single-wall carbon nanotubes in water. Nano Letters , 2003, 3(2): 269–273 doi: 10.1021/nl025924u
17	Patil A, Sippel J, Martin G W, . Enhanced functionality of nanotube atomic force microscopy tips by polymer coating. Nano Letters , 2004, 4(2): 303–308 doi: 10.1021/nl0350581
18	Zhang X T, Zhang J, Wang R M, . Surfactant-directed polypyrrole/CNT nanocables: synthesis, characterization, and enhanced electrical properties. ChemPhysChem , 2004, 5: 998–1002 doi: 10.1002/cphc.200301217
19	Zhang X T, Zhang J, Wang R M, . Cationic surfactant directed polyaniline/CNT nanocables: synthesis, characterization, and enhanced electrical properties. Carbon , 2004, 42: 1455–1461 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.003
20	Long Y Z, Chen Z J, Zhang X T, . Synthesis and electrical properties of carbon nanotube polyaniline composites. Applied Physics Letters , 2004, 85(10): 1796–1798 doi: 10.1063/1.1786370
21	Long Y Z, Chen Z J, Zhang X T, . Electrical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polypyrrole nanocables: percolation-dominated conductivity. Journal of Physics D , 2004, 37: 1965–1969 doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/37/14/011
22	Zhang X T, Lu Z, Wen M T, . Single-walled carbon nanotube-based coaxial nanowires: synthesis, characterization, and electrical properties. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B , 2005, 109: 1101–1107 doi: 10.1021/jp045934e
23	Zhang X T, Zhang J, Liu Z F. Conducting polymer/carbon nanotube composite films made by in situ electropolymerization using an ionic surfactant as the supporting electrolyte. Carbon , 2005, 43: 2186–2191 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.03.034
24	Qian W Z, Wei F, Wang Z W, . Production of carbon nanotubes in a packed bed and a fluidized bed. AIChE Journal , 2003, 49(3): 619–625 doi: 10.1002/aic.690490308
25	Sayyah S M, Abd El-Rehim S S, El-Deeb M M. Electropolymerization of pyrrole and characterization of the obtained polymer films. Journal of Applied Polymer Science , 2003, 90(7): 1783–1792 doi: 10.1002/app.12793
26	Hughes M, Shaffer M S P, Renouf A C, . Electrochemical capacitance of nanocomposite films formed by coating aligned arrays of carbon nanotubes with polypyrrole. Advanced Materials , 2002, 14(5): 382–385 doi: 10.1002/1521-4095(20020304)14:5<382::AID-ADMA382>3.0.CO;2-Y
27	Ferraris J P, Eissa M M, Brotherston I D, . Performance evaluation of poly 3-(Phenylthiophene) derivatives as active materials for electrochemical capacitor applications. Chemistry of Materials , 1998, 10(11): 3528–3535 doi: 10.1021/cm9803105
28	Ingram M D, Staesche H, Ryder K S. ‘Activated’ polypyrrole electrodes for high-power supercapacitor applications. Solid State Ionics , 2004, 169(1-4): 51–57 doi: 10.1016/j.ssi.2002.12.003
29	West K, Bay L, Nielsen M M, . Electronic conductivity of polypyrrole-dodecyl benzene sulfonate complexes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B , 2004, 108(39): 15001–15008 doi: 10.1021/jp048153m
30	Chen J H, Li W Z, Wang D Z, . Electrochemical characterization of carbon nanotubes as electrode in electrochemical double-layer capacitors. Carbon , 2002, 40(8): 1193–1197 doi: 10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00266-4
31	Frackowiak E, Delpeux S, Jurewicz K, . Enhanced capacitance of carbon nanotubes through chemical activation. Chemical Physics Letters , 2002, 361(1-2): 35–41 doi: 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00684-X
32	Che G, Lakshmi B B, Fisher E R, . Carbon nanotubule membranes for electrochemical energy storage and production. Nature , 1998, 393: 346–249 doi: 10.1038/30694
33	Hughes M, Chen G Z, Shaffer M S P, . Electrochemical capacitance of a nanoporous composite of carbon nanotubes and polypyrrole. Chemistry of Materials , 2002, 14(4): 1610–1613 doi: 10.1021/cm010744r
34	Jurewicz K, Delpeux S, Bertagna V, . Supercapacitors from nanotubes/polypyrrole composites. Chemical Physics Letters , 2001, 347(1-3): 36–40 doi: 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)01037-5

[1]	Yuqiao CHENG, Yang YANG, Chunrong NIU, Zhe FENG, Wenhui ZHAO, Shuang LU. Progress in synthesis and application of zwitterionic Gemini surfactants[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2019, 13(3): 242-257.
[2]	M. Mohamed Jaffer SADIQ, U. Sandhya SHENOY, D. Krishna BHAT. Synthesis of BaWO₄/NRGO‒g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites with excellent multifunctional catalytic performance via microwave approach[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2018, 12(3): 247-263.
[3]	Somdutta SINGHA, Swapankumar GHOSH. Spectroscopic investigation confirms retaining the pristine nature of single-walled carbon nanotubes on dissolution in aniline[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2017, 11(3): 276-283.
[4]	Hassan Rayat AZIMI,Mahmood GHORANNEVISS,Seyed Mohammad ELAHI,Mohammad Reza MAHMOUDIAN,Farid JAMALI-SHEINI,Ramin YOUSEFI. Excellent photocatalytic performance under visible-light irradiation of ZnS/rGO nanocomposites synthesized by a green method[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2016, 10(4): 385-393.
[5]	Dongthanh NGUYEN,Wei WANG,Haibo LONG,Hongqiang RU. Synthesis, characterization and photoactivity of bi-crystalline mesoporous TiO₂[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2016, 10(1): 23-30.
[6]	Lin-Hao SUN, Song WANG, Wei-Lin SHI, Shuming ZHANG, Xi CHEN, Qiang CAI. A new type of anionic surfactant with four carboxylates for the preparation of mesoporous materials[J]. Front Mater Sci, 2012, 6(3): 268-277.
[7]	Junyi ZHU, Su-Huai WEI. Overcoming doping bottleneck by using surfactant and strain[J]. Front Mater Sci, 2011, 5(4): 335-341.
[8]	Wei CHEN, Gi XUE, . Formation of conducting polymer nanostructures with the help of surfactant crystallite templates[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2010, 4(2): 152-157.
[9]	LI Zai-feng, WANG Sheng-jun, LI Jin-yan. Synthesis and characterization of waterborne polyurethane/organic clay nanocomposites[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2008, 2(3): 271-275.
[10]	ZHANG Jin-chao, JI Xiao-yu, LIU Cui-lian, SHEN Shi-gang, WANG Shu-xiang, SUN Jing. Effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes on primary immune cells [J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2008, 2(2): 228-232.
[11]	ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Zhong, PARK Hyung-Woo, ZHU Xing. Influence of surface-modified TiO nanoparticles on fracture behavior of injection molded polypropylene[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2008, 2(1): 9-15.
[12]	JIANG Qi, QIAN Lan, YI Jing, ZHU Xiaotong, ZHAO Yong. Effects of boron-doping on the morphology and magnetic property of carbon nanotubes[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2007, 1(4): 379-382.
[13]	FANG Zhengping, WANG Jianguo, GU Aijuan, TONG Lifang. Curing behavior and kinetic analysis of epoxy resin/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2007, 1(4): 415-422.
[14]	LIU Tong, TANG Huiqin, ZHAO Jie, LI Dejun, LI Ruying, SUN Xueliang. A study on the bactericidal properties of Cu-coated carbon nanotubes[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2007, 1(2): 147-150.
[15]	HONG Haoqun, JIA Demin, HE Hui. Effect of compound organification of montmorillonite on the structure and properties of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2007, 1(1): 65-71.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed