A new rabbit model of implant-related biofilm infection: development and evaluation

doi:10.1007/s11706-016-0324-1

Front. Mater. Sci.

2016, Vol. 10

Issue (1) : 80-89 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-016-0324-1

RESEARCH ARTICLE

A new rabbit model of implant-related biofilm infection: development and evaluation

Cheng-Bing CHU^1,^*(

),Hong ZENG¹,Ding-Xia SHEN²,Hui WANG³,Ji-Fang WANG⁴,Fu-Zhai CUI^3,^*(

)

1. Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
2. Department of Microbiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
4. Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China

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Abstract

This study is to establish a rabbit model for human prosthetic joint infection and biofilm formation. Thirty-two healthy adult rabbits were randomly divided into four groups and implanted with stainless steel screws and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) washers in the non-articular surface of the femoral lateral condyle of the right hind knees. The rabbit knee joints were inoculated with 1 mL saline containing 0, 10², 10³, 10⁴ CFU of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) isolated from the patient with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) infection, respectively. On the 14th postoperative day, the UHMWPE washers from the optimal 10³ CFU group were further examined. The SEM examination showed a typical biofilm construction that circular S. epidermidis were embedded in a mucous-like matrix. In addition, the LCSM examination showed that the biofilm consisted of the polysaccharide stained bright green fluorescence and S. epidermidis radiating red fluorescence. Thus, we successfully create a rabbit model for prosthetic joint infection and biofilm formation, which should be valuable for biofilm studies.

Keywords implant infection biofilm model rabbit

Corresponding Author(s): Cheng-Bing CHU,Fu-Zhai CUI

Online First Date: 29 December 2015 Issue Date: 15 January 2016

Cite this article:

Cheng-Bing CHU,Hong ZENG,Ding-Xia SHEN, et al. A new rabbit model of implant-related biofilm infection: development and evaluation[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2016, 10(1): 80-89.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-016-0324-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2016/V10/I1/80

Fig.1 The patient with left postoperative TKA infection: (a) left knee joint swelling; (b)(c) left knee preoperative X-ray. (d)(e)(f) White substance can be seen on the metal tibial tray and UHMWPE platform during left knee revision operation.

Fig.2 Implants. UHMWPE washer and titanium screw was implanted into the lateral femoral condyle.

Fig.3 G⁺ staining and identification: (a) G⁺ staining showed the bacteria was spherical and uniform blue (oil lens); (b) the bacterial strain was the epidermis staphylococcus with high reliability by VITEK 2 Microbial Identification System.

Fig.4 The Isenberg method of identifying biofilm formation: (a) control test tube wall was colorless; (b) test tube wall was blue (positive).

Fig.5 Wound situations: (a) wound swelling and scab on postoperative 14 d; (b) milky discharge presenting in dehiscence wound, and the knee joint structures and implants unexposed on postoperative 11 d; (c) good wound healing; (d) clean, transparent, non-turbid rabbit knee synovial fluid without increasing significantly in volume and the mucus-like substance on synovial membrane surface was visible in the infected rabbit knees.

Tab.1 Analysis of postoperative knee infection

Fig.6 SEM images of biofilm. There were a large number of biofilms on the UHMWPE surface, and circular S. epidermidis was wrapped in the extracellular matrix.

Fig.7 LCSM images of biofilm: (a) biofilms with irregular shape and uneven distribution emitted strong bright green fluorescence on the surface of UHMWPE stained with fluorescent brighter 28 (magnification: ×100); (b) UHMWPE stained doubly with fluorescent brighter 28 and propidium iodide was shown by LCSM that the biofilm consists of red spherical S. epidermidis embedded in the green extracellular polysaccharide matrix through image processing (magnification: ×200).

Tab.1

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