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Frontiers of Materials Science

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ISSN 2095-0268(Online)

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Front. Mater. Sci.    2018, Vol. 12 Issue (4) : 327-347    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-018-0444-x
REVIEW ARTICLE
Rare-earth coordination polymer micro/nanomaterials: Preparation, properties and applications
Honghong ZOU, Lei WANG, Chenghui ZENG, Xiaolei GAO, Qingqing WANG, Shengliang ZHONG()
Research Center for Ultrafine Powder Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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Abstract

Rare-earth coordination polymers (RECPs), as a family member of coordination polymers (CPs), have been prepared and studied widely. Thanks to their characteristic properties and functions, RECPs have already been used in various application fields ranging from catalysis to drug delivery. In recent years, CPs with tunable morphologies and sizes have drawn increasing interest and attractive attention. This review presents the recent research progress of RECP micro/nanomaterials, and emphasizes the preparation, properties and broad applications of these fascinating materials.
Keywords coordination polymer      metal--organic framework      rare earth      nanomaterials     
Corresponding Author(s): Shengliang ZHONG   
Online First Date: 30 November 2018    Issue Date: 10 December 2018
 Cite this article:   
Honghong ZOU,Lei WANG,Chenghui ZENG, et al. Rare-earth coordination polymer micro/nanomaterials: Preparation, properties and applications[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2018, 12(4): 327-347.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-018-0444-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2018/V12/I4/327
RECP Bridging ligand Morphology Preparation method Application Refs.
Tb-CP DSCP nanoparticles precipitation drug delivery [24]
Tb-BTB ICP H3BTB hollow microspheres solvothermal white-light emission [28]
(RE)5·(C4H7N2O3)·(C2H4O2)7·4(C2H6O2) (RE= Y: Yb, Er) asparagine nanospheres solvothermal up-conversion emission [29]
Ce-CP H4BTC 3D flower-like solvothermal as templating [30]
Ce-CP 2,5-H2PDA nanosphere solvothermal as templating [31]
Tb(HBTC)(H2O)5 H4BTC straw-like sheaves microwave-assisted fluorescent probes [32]
La(C7H2NO4)·2[Eu(C7H2NO4)3]·5H2O 2,5-H2PDA core–shell particles microwave luminescence properties [33]
Eu-ICP PDA submicrospheres microwave strong red emission [34]
RECP (RE= La, Gd, Y) PDA submicrospheres microwave as templating [35]
Fe3O4@Tb-BTC 1,3,5-BTC core–shell nanospheres a layer by layer assembly technique magnetic characteristics and fluorescent properties [36]
Au@Eu-CP DMSA core–shell nanoparticles template synthesis photoluminescence and photothermal properties [37]
Gd-CP@Eu-CP allantoin core–shell nanospheres template synthesis up/down-conversion luminescence [38]
La(1,3,5-BTC)(H2O)6 H3BTC broccoli-like, urchin-like, sheaf-like and fan-like architectures direct precipitation white-light emission [39]
Ce(1,3-BDC)1.5·6H2O, Ce(1,4-BDC)1.5·2H2O 1,3-BDC, 1,4-BDC nanowires, microflowers direct precipitation as templating [40]
Ce-CPs 1,2-BDC, 1,3-BDC, 1,4-BDC nanoparticles, nanorods, microflowers direct precipitation as templating [41]
Gd(BDC)1.5(H2O)2, [Gd(1,2,4-BTC)(H2O)3]·H2O 1,4-BDC, 1,2,4-BTC nanorods, nanoplates microemulsion luminescent, MRI [42]
[Ce(1,5-NDS)1.5(H2O)5]n 1,5-NDS microrod nanoparticle hydrothermal and sonochemical approaches fluorescent sensor [43]
[La(IN)3(H2O)2] HIN nanoparticles sonochemical method fluorescence, sensing and photocatalytic property [44]
[Gd2(BHC)(H2O)6] BHC nanoparticles solvothermal, microemulsion MRI, optical imaging [45]
Ce-CP 2,5-H2PDA hierarchical superstructures solvothermal as templating [46]
Y-CP: Yb3+, Er3+ allantoin hierarchical micro/nanostructures hydrothermal up-conversion luminescence [47]
Eu-TFA CPs H2TFA flower-like hydrothermal luminescence [48]
Ce(1,3,5-BTC)(H2O)6 1,3,5-BTC hierarchically nanostructured precipitation – [49]
Tb(1,3,5-BTC)(H2O)·3H2O 1,3,5-BTC nanobelts precipitation luminescence [50]
[Tb(1,3,5-BTC)]n 1,3,5-BTC nanorods and nanoparticles ultrasound-vapor phase diffusion technique luminescence sensors [51]
In-BTC⊃Ln (Ln= Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+ or Sm3+) 1,3,5-BTC thin films post-synthetic modification luminescence [52]
HNA-Si-RE (RE= Eu and Tb) 2-HNA hybrid materials sol–gel technology luminescence [53]
[Tb(1,3,5-BTC)(H2O)6]n 1,3,5-BTC nanowires ultrasonic-assisted luminescent probe [54]
SSA/AMP-Tb SSA, AMP nanoparticles chemical modifications fluorescent sensor [55]
[KLn(ox)(SO4)(H2O)] (Ln= Eu, Tb, Dy) ox tracery-like solvothermal luminescent probe [56]
Eu-CPs phthalicacid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid belt-like, horn-like superstructures solvothermal photoluminescence [57]
Y0.95Eu0.05-BTC MOFs BTC nanobelts, urchin-like hierarchical wet chemistry method luminescent [58]
Ln(BTC)(H2O)6 (Ln= La, Ce, Eu, Gd, Dy) 1,3,5-BTC nanorods precipitation photoluminescence [59]
CPGs (TbL and EuL) L coiled nanofiber self-assembly yellow and white light emission [60]
silica@CP containing Gd3+, Eu3+ or Y3+ H2IPA core–shell microspheres solvothermal as templating [61]
Ce-BDC BDC nanoparticles solvothermal catalysts [62]
[H2N(CH3)2][Tb(CPPA)2(H2O)2] H2CPPA nanosheets solvothermal and ion-exchanged fluorescent probe and catalysts [63]
Tab.1  Summary of RECP micro/nanomaterials [24,28–63]
Fig.1  SEM images of (a) block-like particles of [Gd2(BHC)(H2O)6], (b) hierarchical superstructure of Ce-CP, (c) hollow microsphere of Tb-BTBICP, (d) 3D flower-like Ce-CP, (e) hierarchical micro/nanostructure of Y-CP: Yb3+, Er3+, and (f) flower-like Eu-CP. ((a) Reproduced from Ref. [45] with permission of Wiley; (b)(c)(d)(e) Reproduced from Refs. [28,30,46–47] with permission of Royal Society of Chemistry; (f) Reproduced from Ref. [48] with permission of Springer-Verlag)
Fig.2  (a) Schematic illustration of the formation of the Ce-CP hierarchical superstructure by a solvothermal process. SEM images of the products obtained at 160°C with different times: (b) 1 h; (c) 80 min; (d) 1.5 h; (e) 24 h. (Reproduced from Ref. [46] with permission of Royal Society of Chemistry)
Fig.3  SEM or TEM images of RECPs synthesized by the microwave method: (a) [Gd2(BHC)(H2O)8](H2O)2 nanorods; (b) straw-sheaf-like Tb-CPs; (c) Eu-ICP submicrospheres; (d) La-CP submicrospheres; (e) Gd-CP submicrospheres; (f) Y-CP submicrospheres. ((a) Reproduced from Ref. [45] with permission of Wiley; (b) Reproduced from Ref. [32] with permission of Royal Society of Chemistry; (c) Reproduced from Ref. [34] with permission of Elsevier; (d)(e)(f) Reproduced from Ref. [35] with permission of American Chemical Society)
Fig.4  SEM images of Ce(1,3,5-BTC)(H2O)6 with different morphologies of (a) straw-sheaf-like, (b) flower-like, (c) wheatear-like, (d) sheaf-like, (e) straw-like, (f) bundle-like and (g) urchin-like architectures as well as (h) nanorods. (Reproduced from Ref. [49] with permission of American Chemical Society)
Fig.5  (a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication process. (b) SEM and (c)(d) TEM images of Fe3O4@Tb-BTC nanospheres. (Reproduced from Ref. [36] with permission of Royal Society of Chemistry)
Fig.6  SEM images: Gd(BDC)1.5(H2O)2 nanorods synthesized with (a) w = 5 and (b) w = 10; [Gd(1,2,4-BTC)(H2O)3]·H2O nanoplates synthesized with (c) w = 15. (Reproduced from Ref. [42] with permission of American Chemical Society)
Fig.7  SEM images of [Ce(1,5-NDS)1.5(H2O)5]n prepared by the ultrasonic method in (a) 15 min and (b) 60 min. (Reproduced from Ref. [43] with permission of Elsevier)
Temperature/°C Reaction time/min Sonication input power/W Average diameter/nm Morphology
60 15 50 650 rod
60 15 70 500 rod
60 60 50 185 sphere
60 60 70 78 sphere
Tab.2  The effect of temperature, reaction time and sonication power on the size and the morphology of particles (Reproduced from Ref. [43] with permission of Elsevier)
Fig.8  (a) PL spectra of Tb(HBTC)(H2O)5 in PbCl2 aqueous solution at different concentrations (excited at 302 nm). The inset shows the luminescence change after the addition of Pb2+ ions in the Tb(HBTC)(H2O)5 suspension under UV light. (b) Compari-son of the 5D4→7F5 luminescence intensity of Tb(HBTC)(H2O)5 in different metal ion aqueous solutions. The inset shows the SEM image of the as-prepared typical straw-sheaf-like product. (Reproduced from Ref. [32] with permission of Royal Society of Chemistry)
Fig.9  (a) Perspective view of the packing along the c axis of Tb(1,3,5-BTC)(H2O)·3H2O. (b) Emission spectra of Tb(1,3,5-BTC)(H2O)·3H2O:Eu (x = 0.1–10 mol.%) under the 304 nm excitation. (c) Photographs for the luminescent MOF Tb(1,3,5-BTC)(H2O)·3H2O:Eu (x = 0 for A, 0.1% for B, 0.3% for C, 0.5% for D, 5% for E, and 10% for F) under the excitation of a 254 nm UV lamp. (d) CIE chromaticity diagram for Tb(1,3,5-BTC)(H2O)·3H2O:Eu. (Reproduced from Ref. [50] with permission of Royal Society of Chemistry)
Fig.10  (a) Illustration for the formation process of Tb-BTB microspheres. (b) CIE chromaticity diagram for the Tb-BTB-1: xEu3+ (x = 0 for A, 0.05% for B, 0.1% for C, 0.3% for D, 0.5% for E, 5% for F, and 10% for G) hollow spheres. The right side shows the corresponding fluorescence photograph under an excitation wavelength of 316 nm. (Reproduced from Ref. [28] with permission of Royal Society of Chemistry)
Fig.11  (a) Schematic showing the self-assembly of L though H-bonding and p–p stacking interactions and its coordination to Ln(III) forming luminescent CPGs. (b) Photographs of an illuminating UV LED (i), the same LED coated with TbEu2 gel under day light (ii) and LED showing bright white light after switching on the LED (iii). (Reproduced from Ref. [60] with permission of Royal Society of Chemistry)
Fig.12  Schematic illustration for the formulation of a NCP containing Pt-based anticancer drugs. (Reproduced from Ref. [24] with permission of American Chemical Society)
Fig.13  (a) Schematic representation of the preparation of silica@RE2O3 core–shell and hollow RE2O3 microspheres (RE= Gd3+, Eu3+, Y3+) from silica@CP core–shell microspheres. TEM images of (b) silica@CP core–shell microspheres, (c) silica@Gd2O3 core–shell microspheres and (d) hollow Gd2O3 microspheres. TEM and SEM (inset) images of hollow (e) Eu2O3 and (f) Y2O3 microspheres. (Reproduced from Ref. [61] with permission of Wiley)
Fig.14  (a) Schematic representation of the preparation of multi-shelled CeO2 hollow nanospheres through a one-step calcination Ce-CP precursor method. (b) TEM photos of other heavy RE oxides multi-shelled spheres. (c) The evolution of ceria with multi-shelled hollow structures at different time intervals by track of calcination process between 25°C and 600°C. (Reproduced from Ref. [31] with permission of Royal Society of Chemistry)
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