Effect of carbonization atmosphere on electrochemical properties of nitrogen-doped porous carbon

doi:10.1007/s11706-023-0669-1

Front. Mater. Sci.

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (4) : 230669 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-023-0669-1

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Effect of carbonization atmosphere on electrochemical properties of nitrogen-doped porous carbon

Fangfang Liu¹(

), Jinan Niu¹(

), Xiuyun Chuan²(

), Yupeng Zhao²

¹. School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
². Key Laboratory of Orogen Belts and Crustal Evolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

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Abstract

Nitrogen atom doping has been found to enhance the electrochemical performance of porous carbon (PC). In this study, hollow tubular nitrogen-doped porous carbon (N/PC) was synthesized using polyvinylpyrrolidone as the carbon–nitrogen source and fibrous brucite as the template through carbonization. The effects of nitrogen and argon protective atmospheres on the nitrogen content, the specific surface area (SSA), and electrochemical properties of N/PC were investigated. The results showed that compared with N/FBC-Ar, N/FBC-N₂ prepared in nitrogen protective atmosphere had a higher nitrogen content and a larger proportion of pyrrolic nitrogen (N-5) and pyridinic nitrogen (N-6). N/FBC-N₂ displayed a specific capacitance (C) of 194.1 F·g⁻¹ at 1 A·g⁻¹, greater than that of N/FBC-Ar (174.3 F·g⁻¹). This work reveals that the nitrogen doping with a higher nitrogen content in nitrogen protective atmosphere is more favorable. Furthermore, a larger proportion of pyrrolic nitrogen and pyridinic nitrogen in the doped nitrogen atoms significantly enhances the electrochemical performance.

Keywords nitrogen-doped porous carbon fibrous brucite electrochemical property carbonization atmosphere

Corresponding Author(s): Fangfang Liu,Jinan Niu,Xiuyun Chuan

Issue Date: 07 December 2023

Cite this article:

Fangfang Liu,Jinan Niu,Xiuyun Chuan, et al. Effect of carbonization atmosphere on electrochemical properties of nitrogen-doped porous carbon[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2023, 17(4): 230669.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-023-0669-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2023/V17/I4/230669

Fig.1 Schematic illustration of the synthesis of N/PC.

Fig.2 SEM images of (a) N/FBC-N₂ and (c) N/FBC-Ar. Elemental mapping images (C, N, and O) of (b) N/FBC-N₂ and (d) N/FBC-Ar.

Fig.3 (a) XRD patterns, (b) contact angles, (c) N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, and (d) pore size distributions (insert showing the corresponding enlarged view of the micropore size) of N/FBC-N₂ and N/FBC-Ar.

Tab.1 Pore parameters and contact angles of N/FBC-N₂ and N/FBC-Ar

Tab.2 Element contents of N/FBC-N₂ and N/FBC-Ar by XPS and EDS

Fig.4 (a) XPS spectra and (b) nitrogen contents of N/FBC-N₂ and N/FBC-Ar. (c)(d) N 1s spectra and N species contents (inset) of N/FBC-N₂ and N/FBC-Ar.

Tab.3 Comparison of electrochemical performances of N-doped hollow tubular porous carbon [50–57]

Fig.5 Electrochemical properties of N/FBC-N₂ and N/FBC-Ar: (a) CV curves at 100 mV·s^?1; (b) GCD curves at 1 A·g^?1; (c) Nyquist plots and its enlarged high-frequency region (inset); (d) specific capacitance at different current densities; (e) determination of the b value by CV curves of 5–200 mV·s^?1; (f)(g) surface-controlled capacitance at 100 mV·s^?1; (h)(i) surface-controlled capacitance at different scan rates.

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